Histomorphological differentiation of the skin of leopard (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), and golden jackal (Canis aureus)

Rajani, C. V.; Patki, Harshad Sudhir; Simanta, Patgiri; Surjith, K. P.; Deepa, P. M.; Pradeep, M.

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2020.827-832

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…From visual data, the Sri Lankan Leopard’s spot and rosette pattern was distinct from the other leopards [ 87 ]. The shapes, sizes, and formations of spot and rosette formations are unique to every leopard [ 35 , 88 ]. We also compared the spot and rosette formation of animals included in the analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unique single nucleotide polymorphism in Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) gene changes coat colour of Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) to dark black

Sooriyabandara,

Bandaranayake,

Hathurusinghe

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) is an endangered subspecies restricted to isolated and fragmented populations in Sri Lanka. Among them, melanistic leopards have been recorded on a few occasions. Literature suggests the evolution of melanism several times in the Felidae family, with three species having distinct mutations. Nevertheless, the mutations or other variations in the remaining species, including Sri Lankan melanistic leopard, are unknown. We used reference-based assembled nuclear genomes of Sri Lankan wild type and melanistic leopards and de novo assembled mitogenomes of the same to investigate the genetic basis, adaptive significance, and evolutionary history of the Sri Lankan melanistic leopard. Interestingly, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon-4 Sri Lankan melanistic leopard, which may completely ablate Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) function. The wild type leopards in Sri Lanka did not carry this mutation, suggesting the cause for the occurrence of melanistic leopords in the population. Comparative analysis of existing genomic data in the literature suggests it as a P. p. kotiya specific mutation and a novel mutation in the ASIP-gene of the Felidae family, contributing to naturally occurring colour polymorphism. Our data suggested the coalescence time of Sri Lankan leopards at ~0.5 million years, sisters to the Panthera pardus lineage. The genetic diversity was low in Sri Lankan leopards. Further, the P. p. kotiya melanistic leopard is a different morphotype of the P. p. kotiya wildtype leopard resulting from the mutation in the ASIP-gene. The ability of black leopards to camouflage, along with the likelihood of recurrence and transfer to future generations, suggests that this rare mutation could be environment-adaptable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unique single nucleotide polymorphism in Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) gene changes coat colour of Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) to dark black

Sooriyabandara,

Bandaranayake,

Hathurusinghe

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…From visual data, Sri Lankan Leopard’s Spot and Rosette pattern was distinct from the other leopards (42). The shapes, sizes, and formations of spot and rosette formations are unique to every leopard (29, 43). We also compared the spot and rosette formation of animals included in the analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unique single nucleotide polymorphism in Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) gene changes coat colour of Sri Lankan Leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) to dark black

Bandaranayake

Sooriyabandara²,

Bandaranayake

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Sri Lankan Leopard ( Panthera pardus kotiya ) is an endangered subspecies restricted to isolated and fragmented populations in Sri Lanka. Among them, the melanistic leopards have been recorded on rare occasions. The existing literature suggests that melanism evolved several times in the Felidae family, with three separate species revealing distinct mutations. Nevertheless, the mutations in the remaining species, including Sri Lankan black leopard, are unknown. We used reference-based assembled the nuclear genomes of Sri Lankan normal and black leopard and de novo assembled mitogenomes of the same to investigate the genetic basis, adaptive significance, and evolutionary history of the Sri Lankan black leopard. Our data suggested coalescence time of Sri Lankan regular and black leopards at ~0.5 Million years, sisters to Panthera pardus lineage. Interestingly, in the black leopard, a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon-4 possibly completely ablates Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) function. Existing genomic data suggest new a species-specific mutation of the ASIP gene in the Felidae family, contributing to naturally occurring colouration polymorphism. As such, the Sri Lankan black leopard and normal leopard probably evolved from the same ancestor, while the mutation in the ASIP gene resulted in black coat colour. This rare mutation could be adaptable to the environment that back leopards reported, camouflage, with a likelihood of recurrence and transmission to future generations. However, protecting this sensitive environment is critical for the conservation of the existing populations and providing breeding grounds.

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“…One of these purposes includes the trade of various animal-derived products, such as teeth, claws, or hides, which are highly sought after on the black market. The hides of animals from the genus Panthera, which includes many endangered species, are particularly valuable [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Tanning Chemical Agents on DNA Degradation: A Robust Procedure for the Analysis of Tanned Animal Hide—A Pilot Study

Hebenstreitova,

Salaba,

Trubac

et al. 2024

Life

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Illegal wildlife trade is currently on the rise, and it is becoming one of the most lucrative crime sectors. The rarer the species, the higher the demand. Wildlife trade falls under international regulations, such as the CITES convention. Proving that this convention has been violated is a complex process and can be very difficult to do. DNA analysis methods remain (in many cases) the only way to determine whether a certain specimen originated from a protected animal species, a specific individual, or a species in which it is legal to trade. Tanned animal hides are a specific type of specimen. With this type of biological material, obtaining amplifiable DNA is often difficult. This pilot study aimed to map the effect of the chemicals used in the tanning process on the degradation of the DNA yielded from such samples. The DNA was quantified using two different approaches: qPCR and Qubit fluorometry. The degree of DNA fragmentation was assessed by determining the degradation index. The results indicate that reagents containing chromium have the greatest influence on DNA degradation. However, by using the presented protocol, enough amplifiable DNA can be obtained from hides treated with aluminum-based reagents.

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Histomorphological differentiation of the skin of leopard (Panthera pardus), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris), and golden jackal (Canis aureus)

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

A unique single nucleotide polymorphism in Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) gene changes coat colour of Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) to dark black

A unique single nucleotide polymorphism in Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) gene changes coat colour of Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) to dark black

A unique single nucleotide polymorphism in Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) gene changes coat colour of Sri Lankan Leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) to dark black

The Influence of Tanning Chemical Agents on DNA Degradation: A Robust Procedure for the Analysis of Tanned Animal Hide—A Pilot Study

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