Histomorphological Effect of Centella Asiatica on Swiss Albino Mice Brain upon Ketamine Anesthetic Induced Memory Impairment

Abstract

Introduction: Ketamine is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia. It induces a trancelike state while providing pain relief, sedation and memory loss. Ketamine causes morphological changes in the neuronal cells of growing rodent. Centella asiatica is used for memory enhancement in the ayurvadic system of medicine. It has been shown to be useful in improving learning and memory. Centella asiatica leaf extract treatment enhances neuronal dendritic arborization in hippocampus of growing rodent.Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were used for our experiment. Ketamine was administered subcutaneously and Centella-asiatica leaf extract was administered orally. Mice brain collected, grossed, processed and finally stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining process for viewing cellular and tissue structure detail by pathologists. Results: Focal cellular damage was seen in CA2 and CA4 area of cornu ammonis (CA), expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia saw in the pyramidal cell layers (PY) of CA2, expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia found with obliteration of neurifibrilary components (NFE), typical pyramidal cell (NPY) in the CA4, ordinary engineering of dentate granule layers (DG) and hardly any cells were found with diminished size in regards to granule layer cells (GC) in the brain hippocampus of the high ketamine prompted mice. In the mouse brain hippocampus for high ketamine-Centella asiatica summed up cell destruction found in the CA1 to CA4 of CA. Expanded cytoplasmic eosinophilia found in the pyramidal cell layers of CA2 than high dose ketamine group. The vast majority of the pyramidal cells were necrotic (PYN) with annihilation of neurofibrilary components (NFE) in the pyramidal cell layers of CA4.