Histomorphometric and Densitometric Changes in the Femora of Spinal Cord Transected Mice

Picard, Sylvain; Lapointe, Nicolas P.; Brown, Jacques P.; Guertin, Pierre A.

doi:10.1002/ar.20645

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Bone mineral density did not change significantly, but did follow a similar trend (Figure 8). These results are similar to those found in the literature; Picard et al observed a 13.5% decrease (p<0.001) in BMC, but no significant decrease in BMD (Picard 2008). …”

Section: Representative Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We detect a 12% loss of BMC in the femurs of mice at 40 days post-SCI using the IVIS Lumina XR. This compares favorably with a previously reported BMC loss of 13.5% by Picard and colleagues who used DXA analysis on mouse femurs post-mortem 30 days post-SCI 9 . Our results suggest that the IVIS Lumina XR provides a novel, high-resolution/high-magnification method for performing long-term, longitudinal measurements of hind limb bone density in the mouse following SCI.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

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Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, <em>in vivo</em>, Methodology

McManus

Grill

2011

JoVE

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is often accompanied by osteoporosis in the sublesional regions of the pelvis and lower extremities, leading to a higher frequency of fractures 1 . As these fractures often occur in regions that have lost normal sensory function, the patient is at a greater risk of fracture-dependent pathologies, including death. SCI-dependent loss in both bone mineral density (BMD, grams/cm 2 ) and bone mineral content (BMC, grams) has been attributed to mechanical disuse . The use of rodent models of SCI-induced osteoporosis can provide invaluable information regarding the mechanisms underlying the development of osteoporosis following SCI as well as a test environment for the generation of new therapies 5-7 (and reviewed in 8 ). Mouse models of SCI are of great interest as they permit a reductionist approach to mechanism-based assessment through the use of null and transgenic mice. While such models have provided important data, there is still a need for minimally-invasive, reliable, reproducible, and quantifiable methods in determining the extent of bone loss following SCI, particularly over time and within the same cohort of experimental animals, to improve diagnosis, treatment methods, and/or prevention of SCI-induced osteoporosis.An ideal method for measuring bone density in rodents would allow multiple, sequential (over time) exposures to low-levels of X-ray radiation. This study describes the use of a new whole-animal scanner, the IVIS Lumina XR (Caliper Instruments) that can be used to provide low-energy (1-3 milligray (mGy)) high-resolution, high-magnification X-ray images of mouse hind limb bones over time following SCI. Significant bone density loss was seen in the tibiae of mice by 10 days post-spinal transection when compared to uninjured, age-matched control (naïve) mice (13% decrease, p<0.0005). Loss of bone density in the distal femur was also detectable by day 10 post-SCI, while a loss of density in the proximal femur was not detectable until 40 days post injury (7% decrease, p<0.05). SCI-dependent loss of mouse femur density was confirmed postmortem through the use of Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), the current "gold standard" for bone density measurements. We detect a 12% loss of BMC in the femurs of mice at 40 days post-SCI using the IVIS Lumina XR. This compares favorably with a previously reported BMC loss of 13.5% by Picard and colleagues who used DXA analysis on mouse femurs post-mortem 30 days post-SCI 9 . Our results suggest that the IVIS Lumina XR provides a novel, high-resolution/high-magnification method for performing long-term, longitudinal measurements of hind limb bone density in the mouse following SCI. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/3246/ Protocol 1. Mouse spinal transection model 1. Adult, male, C57BL6 mice (approximately 20-25 g) are anesthetized using a combination of ketamine (200 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg).All surgical procedures are performed in an Institutional, IACUC-approved su...

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Section: Representative Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

supporting

confidence: 85%

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, <em>in vivo</em>, Methodology

McManus

Grill

2011

JoVE

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“…16) Other reports found no change in BMD with a decline in mechanical stress. [18][19][20] In the present study, no significant differences were found in BMD between the occlusion and non-occlusion sides in either Al or Ba. This may be because measurements were taken in cortical bone 17,21) and no resorption had taken place in Al as no teeth were extracted.…”

Section: Bmdcontrasting

confidence: 75%

Relationship between Biological Apatite Alignment and Hemi-occlusion in Rabbit Mandibular Cortical bone

Ogai

Morioka

Matsunaga

et al. 2012

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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Biological apatite (BAp) crystallite c-axis alignment is known to one of the factor in mechanical function in bone. The purpose of this study was to investigate BAp crystallite alignment as a potential factor in the evaluation of bone strength in clinical practice by evaluating the relationship between BAp alignment and bone mineral density (BMD) using an experimental hemi-occlusion model in rabbit mandibular cortical bone.A higher degree of BAp crystallite c-axis alignment was observed in the mesiodistal direction on the nonocclusion than on the occlusion side in the alveolar area, a tendency that was not seen in the base of the mandible. No significant differences were observed in BMD between the alveolar area and the base of the mandible or between the occlusion and non-occlusion sides. No correlation was observed between BAp crystallite alignment and BMD.These results demonstrate that removal of occlusal force caused change in BAp crystallite alignment in the alveolar area in mandibular cortical bone. This indicates the importance of evaluating BAp crystallite alignment in addition to BMD in clinical practice. Moreover, clarification of BAp crystallite alignment in the jawbone would allow direction of occlusal load to be taken into account in orthodontic treatment involving tooth alignment.

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“…16,17 In Tx mice (N ¼ 12), histomorphometric data from our laboratory revealed a drastic decrease in trabecular bone volume (À22%, P ¼ 0.02), thickness (À11%, P ¼ 0.04) and number (À15%, P ¼ 0.09) within 10-30 days post-trauma (Table 1). 6 Densitometric measurements using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on the femoral bones of Tx mice (N ¼ 14) reported no change in bone mineral density but a 14% reduction (Po0.001) in bone mineral content. Other models of disuse and immobilization have also reported comparable bone losses.…”

Section: Femoral Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7][8] All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the Canadian Council for Animal Care guidelines and accepted by the Laval University Animal Care, Use and Ethics Committee. In brief, adult male CD1 mice (Charles River Canada, St Constant, Quebec) weighing 30-40 g were used.…”

Section: Animal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early adaptive changes in chronic paraplegic mice: a model to study rapid health degradation after spinal cord injury

2007

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Literature review. Objective: To describe quantitatively some of most important anatomic, systemic, and metabolic changes occurring soon (one month) after spinal cord trauma in mice. Setting: University Laval Medical Center. Results: Significant changes in weight, mechanical and contractile muscle properties, bone histomorphometry and biomechanics, deep-vein morphology, complete blood count, immune cell count, lipid metabolism and anabolic hormone levels were found occurring within 1 month in completely spinal cord transected (Th9/10) mice. Conclusion: These data reveal that many changes in mice and humans are comparable suggesting, in turn, that this model may be a valuable tool for neuroscientists to investigate the specific mechanisms associated with rapid health degradation post-SCI.

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Histomorphometric and Densitometric Changes in the Femora of Spinal Cord Transected Mice

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, <em>in vivo</em>, Methodology

Longitudinal Evaluation of Mouse Hind Limb Bone Loss After Spinal Cord Injury using Novel, <em>in vivo</em>, Methodology

Relationship between Biological Apatite Alignment and Hemi-occlusion in Rabbit Mandibular Cortical bone

Early adaptive changes in chronic paraplegic mice: a model to study rapid health degradation after spinal cord injury

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