Histone H3 transcript stability in alfalfa

Kapros, Tamás; Robertson, A; Waterborg, Jakob H.

doi:10.1007/bf00042074

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…enylated. Extensive use of polyadenylation of histone transcripts has been described in mitotic cycles of lower eukaryotes and plants (4,11,20), where histone genes may contain introns and lack the stem-loop consensus, but in insects and higher chordates, replication-dependent variants are generally not polyadenylated and terminate in the stem-loop. In the latter groups of organisms, polyadenylated transcripts that also contain the stem-loop sequence have been noted, but they comprise a very minor fraction of the histone mRNA pool (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histone mRNAs Do Not Accumulate during S Phase of either Mitotic or Endoreduplicative Cycles in the ChordateOikopleura dioica

Chioda

Spada

Eskeland

et al. 2004

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Metazoan histones are generally classified as replication-dependent or replacement variants. Replicationdependent histone genes contain cell cycle-responsive promoter elements, their transcripts terminate in an unpolyadenylated conserved stem-loop, and their mRNAs accumulate sharply during S phase. Replacement variant genes lack cell cycle-responsive promoter elements, their polyadenylated transcripts lack the stem-loop, and they are expressed at low levels throughout the cell cycle. During early development of some organisms with rapid cleavage cycles, replication-dependent mRNAs are not fully S phase restricted until complete cell cycle regulation is achieved. The accumulation of polyadenylated transcripts during this period has been considered incompatible with metazoan development. We show here that histone metabolism in the urochordate Oikopleura dioica does not accord with some key tenets of the replication-dependent/replacement variant paradigm. During the premetamorphic mitotic phase of development, expressed variants shared characteristics of replication-dependent histones, including the 3 stem-loop, but, in contrast, were extensively polyadenylated. After metamorphosis, when cells in many tissues enter endocycles, there was a global downregulation of histone transcript levels, with most variant transcripts processed at the stem-loop. Contrary to the 30-fold S-phase upregulation of histone transcripts described in common metazoan model organisms, we observed essentially constant histone transcript levels throughout both mitotic and endoreduplicative cell cycles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammals, the major basis for histone pre-mRNA regulation is cell cycle regulation of the SLBP (32). In plants and yeast, where replication-dependent histone transcripts are polyadenylated, coupling of DNA replication and histone synthesis is achieved mainly through transcriptional regulation (11,27,28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histone mRNAs Do Not Accumulate during S Phase of either Mitotic or Endoreduplicative Cycles in the ChordateOikopleura dioica

Chioda

Spada

Eskeland

et al. 2004

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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“…However, when H3.3 gene is knockout in D. melanogaster, they show the sterility but not lethality, and the transcriptional defects can be rescued by overexpression of H3.1 (Hodl and Basler, 2009;Sakai et al, 2009), which demonstrates that H3.3 is not necessary for the somatic development. However, H3.3 mutants display meiotic defects in the chromosome condensation in fly spermatocytes depending on residues 87, 89 and/or 90 (Kapros et al, 1995), suggesting a germline-specific role of H3.3 in chromatin remodeling. In the mouse embryo, H3.3 localizes to paternal pericentromeric chromatin during S phase, and has an important role in the transcription of pericentromeric repeats.…”

Section: Histone H3 Variant H33mentioning

confidence: 96%

Histone variants: making structurally and functionally divergent nucleosomes and linkers in chromatin

Shi

Fang

2011

Front. Biol.

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In addition to the post-translational modifications of histone proteins, emerging literature suggests that the mosaic nucleosomes formed by incorporation of various histone variants provide another mechanism for modifying chromatin structure and function. The locally defined chromatin by histone variants is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, centromere packaging, maintenance of pericentromeric heterochromatin, stress responses, temperature sensing, development, and many other biological processes. Here, we review the universal histone variants in H2A, H3 and H1 families and their roles in epigenetics.

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“…3A) predicts the absence of such a relationship and suggests cell cycle-independent histone synthesis. Such a constitutive pattern is typical for replacement H3 histones in animals (4), plants (34), and ciliates (9). This prediction was tested experimentally by RT-PCR analysis of U1 and U2 transcript levels and by measuring histone H3 variant protein synthesis rates in hydroxyurea-synchronized U. maydis cultures (13).…”

Section: Identification Of Ustilago H3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Replication-independent Replacement Histone H3 in the Basidiomycete Ustilago maydis

Verma

Kapros

Waterborg

2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Ustilago maydis is a haploid basidiomycete with single genes for two distinct histone H3 variants. The solitary U1 gene codes for H3.1, predicted to be a replication-independent replacement histone. The U2 gene is paired with histone H4 and produces a putative replication-coupled H3.2 variant. These predictions were evaluated experimentally. U2 was confirmed to be highly expressed in the S phase and had reduced expression in hydroxyurea, and H3.2 protein was not incorporated into transcribed chromatin of stationary phase cells. Constitutive expression of U1 during growth produced ϳ25% of H3 as H3.1 protein, more highly acetylated than H3.2. The level of H3.1 increased when cell proliferation slowed, a hallmark of replacement histones. Half of new H3.1 incorporated into highly acetylated chromatin was lost with a half-life of 2.5 h, the fastest rate of replacement H3 turnover reported to date. This response reflects the characteristic incorporation of replacement H3 into transcribed chromatin, subject to continued nucleosome displacement and a loss of H3 as in animals and plants. Although the two H3 variants are functionally distinct, neither appears to be essential for vegetative growth. KO gene disruption transformants of the U1 and U2 loci produced viable cell lines. The structural and functional similarities of the Ustilago replication-coupled and replication-independent H3 variants with those in animals, in plants, and in ciliates are remarkable because these distinct histone H3 pairs of variants arose independently in each of these clades and in basidiomycetes.Core histones provide the packaging proteins for DNA in eukaryotic cells. During the S phase when genomic DNA is duplicated, replication-coupled expression of histone genes provides new protein to assemble newly replicated DNA. Histone chaperones assist in the creation of new nucleosomes to maintain a stable, compacted, repressed state of chromatin. Within this context, regulatory proteins modulate chromatin environments to facilitate access to the DNA for gene transcription. The components and processes that allow RNA polymerases to transcribe a chromatin template, such as epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones, are being identified and intensely studied. The processes of nucleosome displacement from DNA by transcribing RNA polymerases and of nucleosome reassembly from available histones remain poorly understood.In research going back decades, it was observed that the composition of nucleosomes across transcribed gene regions, identified in part by high levels of histone acetylation, changed over time. Replication-coupled (RC) 2 histone H3 variants like H3.2 in birds were replaced by histone H3.3, a constitutively expressed form of animal histone H3. This histone is now known as a replacement histone or as a replication-independent (RI) H3 variant (1, 2). Specialized chaperones such as HIRA and Daxx selectively bind these RI H3 proteins at a small region, residues 87-90, which is uniquely different between RI and RC forms (3, 4). In the S phase...

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Histone H3 transcript stability in alfalfa

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Histone mRNAs Do Not Accumulate during S Phase of either Mitotic or Endoreduplicative Cycles in the ChordateOikopleura dioica

Histone mRNAs Do Not Accumulate during S Phase of either Mitotic or Endoreduplicative Cycles in the ChordateOikopleura dioica

Histone variants: making structurally and functionally divergent nucleosomes and linkers in chromatin

Identification of a Replication-independent Replacement Histone H3 in the Basidiomycete Ustilago maydis

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