Histone-Like Nucleoid Structuring Protein Modulates the Fitness of tet(X4)-Bearing IncX1 Plasmids in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Cai, Weiping; Tang, Feifei; Jiang, Lijie; Li, Ruichao; Wang, Zhiqiang; Liu, Yuan

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.763288

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The tet (X) gene and its variants were present in 23 countries on six continents ( Pan et al, 2020 ; Wang J. et al, 2021 ), which are also widely present in various bacterial species, including R. anatipestifer , E. coli , Acinetobacter , K. pneumoniae , Salmonella , Proteus , La Providencia bacteria, Bacteroides bacteria , Pseudomonas bacteria , and Aeromonas caviae ( Chen et al, 2019a , 2020 ). Moreover, most of the tet (X4) genes are located on different types of plasmids such as IncQ1, IncX1, IncFIB, IncHI1, F-:A18:B-, ColE2-like, IncN, p0111 and hybrid plasmids ( Fang et al, 2020 ), among which the IncX1 type is the most common ( Cai et al, 2021 ; Cui et al, 2022 ). The Nomenclature Center 1 recommends that only tet (X) will be used in the future, because the tet (X) gene variant DNA similarity is in the range of 83–100% among tet (X2)- tet (X14), corresponding amino acid similarity is between 82 and 100%, which is greater than the standard of 79% amino acid similarity.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Tet (X4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination and prevalence of plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance gene tet (X4)

Zhang

Wen²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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With the large-scale use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) continue to rise, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are regarded as emerging environmental pollutants. The new tetracycline-class antibiotic, tigecycline is the last resort for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer enables the sharing of genetic information among different bacteria. The tigecycline resistance gene tet(X) threatens the efficacy of tigecycline, and the adjacent ISCR2 or IS26 are often detected upstream and downstream of the tet(X) gene, which may play a crucial driving role in the transmission of the tet(X) gene. Since the first discovery of the plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4) in China in 2019, the tet(X) genes, especially tet(X4), have been reported within various reservoirs worldwide, such as ducks, geese, migratory birds, chickens, pigs, cattle, aquatic animals, agricultural field, meat, and humans. Further, our current researches also mentioned viruses as novel environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance, which will probably become a focus of studying the transmission of ARGs. Overall, this article mainly aims to discuss the current status of plasmid-mediated transmission of different tet(X) genes, in particular tet(X4), as environmental pollutants, which will risk to public health for the “One Health” concept.

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Section: Prevalence Of Tet (X4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissemination and prevalence of plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance gene tet (X4)

Zhang

Wen²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Bacterial swimming motility is related to the invasiveness and adhesion ability [ 15 ], and a pervious study suggested that the introduction of exogenous tet (X4)-bearing plasmids may have an impact on bacterial movement ability [ 16 ]. Therefore, we compared the changes of motility in these tested strains after acquiring tet (X4)-bearing plasmids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that both pig E. coli and chicken E. coli in this study were isolated before 2016, it is necessary to expand the range of tested host bacteria to get a deeper understanding in the future research. Biofilm formation ability and swimming motility serve as important indicators for bacterial adaptation and virulence [ 16 ], among which biofilm can assist bacteria to withstand environmental pressure [ 20 ] and swimming motility is associated with bacterial invasiveness and adhesion [ 15 ]. In this study, chicken E. coli generally displayed better biofilm formation ability and motility, implying chicken E. coli may be more threating after obtaining tet (X4)-plasmids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Fitness Cost, Stability, and Conjugation Frequencies of tet(X4)-Positive Plasmids in Chicken and Pig Escherichia coli

et al. 2022

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The large-scale epidemic of the tet(X4) gene in the livestock and poultry industry is threatening public health; however, there is still a lack of comparative studies on tet(X4)-bearing plasmids in chicken and pig Escherichia coli. To evaluate the prevalence trend of tet(X4)-bearing plasmids and the factors influencing their persistence in the livestock and poultry industry, we examined the fitness cost, stability under tetracyclines pressure, and conjugation frequencies at various temperatures of six tet(X4)-bearing plasmids in four representative pig E. coli isolates and chicken E. coli isolates. Compared with pig E. coli, the plasmid in chicken E. coli showed lower fitness cost, and stronger ability to promote bacterial biofilm formation and motility. Meanwhile, the presence of tetracycline may favor the stability of tet(X4)-bearing plasmids, which was more common in chicken E. coli. Furthermore, the optimal temperature for IncX1 tet(X4)-bearing plasmid conjugation was 42 °C, and its conjugation frequency in chicken E. coli was higher than that in pig E. coli, whereas the optimal temperature for IncFII tet(X4)-bearing plasmid conjugation was 37 °C and it performed better in pig E. coli, suggesting the predominant plasmid types circulating in chicken E. coli and pig E. coli may be distinct. Collectively, although tet(X4) currently appears to be more prevalent in pig E. coli, this is probably independent of the fitness cost caused by tet(X4)-plasmids. To curb the future spread of the tet(X4) gene, reduced tetracyclines usage and tailored interventions should be applied in different breeding industries.

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“…Thus, suggesting that elimination of MTR genes from the environment would be difficult if not practically impossible even after the withdrawal of TETs/TIG. The involvement of plasmid-encoded histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) protein in modulating the fitness of tet (X4)-bearing plasmids (such as IncX1) and ensuring the persistence of the gene have been reported ( Cai et al, 2021 ). More critical is the situation where the transfer of tet (X4) resulted to increased size of transconjugant’s plasmid, thus, making it increasingly bigger than plasmids of the parental strain ( Li et al, 2020 , 2021d ).…”

Section: Distribution Reservoirs and Traits Of Mobile Tigecycline Res...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Tigecycline Resistance: An Emerging Health Catastrophe Requiring Urgent One Health Global Intervention

et al. 2022

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Mobile tigecycline resistance (MTR) threatens the clinical efficacy of the salvage antibiotic, tigecycline (TIG) used in treating deadly infections in humans caused by superbugs (multidrug-, extensively drug-, and pandrug-resistant bacteria), including carbapenem- and colistin-resistant bacteria. Currently, non-mobile tet(X) and mobile plasmid-mediated transmissible tet(X) and resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump tmexCD-toprJ genes, conferring high-level TIG (HLT) resistance have been detected in humans, animals, and environmental ecosystems. Given the increasing rate of development and spread of plasmid-mediated resistance against the two last-resort antibiotics, colistin (COL) and TIG, there is a need to alert the global community on the emergence and spread of plasmid-mediated HLT resistance and the need for nations, especially developing countries, to increase their antimicrobial stewardship. Justifiably, MTR spread projects One Health ramifications and portends a monumental threat to global public and animal health, which could lead to outrageous health and economic impact due to limited options for therapy. To delve more into this very important subject matter, this current work will discuss why MTR is an emerging health catastrophe requiring urgent One Health global intervention, which has been constructed as follows: (a) antimicrobial activity of TIG; (b) mechanism of TIG resistance; (c) distribution, reservoirs, and traits of MTR gene-harboring isolates; (d) causes of MTR development; (e) possible MTR gene transfer mode and One Health implication; and (f) MTR spread and mitigating strategies.

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Histone-Like Nucleoid Structuring Protein Modulates the Fitness of tet(X4)-Bearing IncX1 Plasmids in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Cited by 16 publications

References 59 publications

Dissemination and prevalence of plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance gene tet (X4)

Dissemination and prevalence of plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance gene tet (X4)

Comparison of Fitness Cost, Stability, and Conjugation Frequencies of tet(X4)-Positive Plasmids in Chicken and Pig Escherichia coli

Mobile Tigecycline Resistance: An Emerging Health Catastrophe Requiring Urgent One Health Global Intervention

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