Histopathological Alterations in the Gill, Liver and Brain of Cyprinus Carpio on Exposure to Quinalphos

Chamarthi, Ramesh Raju; Manjunatha, Bangeppagari; Gooty, Jaffer Mohiddin; Mandala, Srinivasulu; Tirado, Juan Ortiz; Marigoudar, Shambanagouda Rudragouda

doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20140204.14

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this study, brain tissue showed deformation, including highly vascularized regions, edema/spongiosis, hemorrhage, enlargement of the SPV, and hydropic degeneration. The alterations observed are similar to those reported in Channa punctatus exposed to the pesticide chlorpyrifos (Mishra and Devi, 2014), Gambusia affinis exposed to lead chloride (Alkshab and Taha, 2021), carp exposed toquinalphos (Chamarthi et al, 2014), carp exposed to organophosphate insecticide (Lakshmaiah, 2017), African catfish exposed to glyphosate herbicide (Erhunmwunse et al, 2014), Catlacatla exposed to heavy metals (Bose et al, 2013), Carassius gibelio exposed to toxic cyanobacteria (Berillis et al, 2014), and other fish exposed to different contaminants (Das and Mukherjee, 2000;Ayoola, 2008;Ayoola and Ajani, 2008;Pugazhvendan et al, 2009;Lakshmaiah, 2017). The histological changes observed in this study in the brain of carp fish may be a defense mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Polyethylene microplastics increases the tissue damage caused by 4-nonylphenol in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juvenile

2022

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Plastic particles have the ability to transfer harmful chemical pollutants due to their high adsorption capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of combined exposure to polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using histopathological and histochemical biomarkers. Fish were separated into a control group and three treatment groups (10 mg/L PE-MPs; 10 mg/L PE-MPs + 200 µg/L 4-NP; 200 µg/L 4-NP) for a two-week continuous exposure experiment followed by two weeks of recovery. The three treatment groups showed histopathological changes compared to the control. These alterations included severe edema, lifting of the outer epithelium, interlamellar fusion and vacuolation, secondary lamellar shortening and complete fusion, increased mucous cell numbers in the gill tissue, enlargement of inner layer stratum periventricular, cell degeneration with pyknotic nuclei, increased blood capillaries, spongiosis in the brain tissue (optic tectum), central vein hemorrhage, shrunken and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, rosette shapes around small congested blood sinusoids, vacuoles, necrosis, and severe glycogen reduction in the liver tissue. Some tissue changes improved during the two-week recovery period but did not return to normal. In conclusion, the mixture exposure of the PE-MPs and 4-NP on fish carp induced some histological alterations in most studied tissues and post-exposure made improvement in cellular and tissue structure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Polyethylene microplastics increases the tissue damage caused by 4-nonylphenol in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juvenile

2022

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“…This included detachment and necrosis in the granular cells of the SPV zone, mononuclear cell necrosis, detachment and notable degeneration of neuronal cells contained within the SO and SM lining. These changes parallel those observed in Africa catfish that were exposed to the herbicide glyphosate (Erhunmwunse et al, 2014) and Cyprinus carpio exposed to quinalphos (Chamarthi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Neurotoxic effects of different sizes of plastics (nano, micro, and macro) on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Hamed

Martyniuk

Naguib

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Using common carp as a model, we assessed the effects of polyethylene (PE) plastics on the brain. We measured activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and the content of nitric oxide (NO) in carp brain following exposure to 100 mg/L of either macroplastics (MaP), microplastics (MPs), or nanoplastic (NPs) for 15 days compared to an unexposed group. Following exposure, each biochemical biomarker was reduced 30–40%, with a higher magnitude of change corresponding to the smaller size of the particles (NPs > MPs > MaPs). In the carp tectum, exposure for 15 days to plastic particles caused varying degrees of necrosis, fibrosis, changes in blood capillaries, tissue detachment, edema, degenerated connective tissues, and necrosis in large cerebellar neurons and ganglion cells. In the carp retina, there was evidence for necrosis, degeneration, vacuolation, and curvature in the inner layer. Here we provide evidence that exposure to plastic particles can be associated with neurotoxicity in common carp.

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“…Ayoola (2008) in a study on the toxicity of glyphosate in the liver tissue of Clarias gariepinus, observed the occurrence of lymphocytic infiltrate among other lesions resulting from exposure to the toxic agent. Chamarthi et al (2014) found similar findings in their work with Cyprinus carpio exposed to an organophosphate insecticide. Thus, the presence of such a finding in our study can be considered an indication of a response to liver injury as a result of exposure to Mancozeb.…”

Section: Sublethal Toxicity Testsupporting

confidence: 76%

Evaluation of the acute and sublethal toxicity of Mancozeb in Pacamã (Lophiosilurus alexandri)

Silva,

Albinati,

Souza

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Biol.

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The toxic potential of dithiocarbamates fungicides widely used in world agriculture is well known, among which Mancozeb is one of the most used. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Mancozeb, determining the LC50% of the product and the behavioral and histological changes observed in fish of the Pacamã species through acute and sublethal toxicity tests. The first experiment was carried out on Pacamã fingerlings exposed to dosages of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8mg/L of Mancozeb under the form ManzateWG®, for a total period of 96 hours in the acute experiment, and in the second experiment, fish were subjected to concentrations of 1/10 of those used in the acute experiment (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8mg/L, respectively), for 15 days in total. The 50% lethal concentration of ManzateWG® was calculated at the end of the acute experiment, presenting a value of 2.29mg/L at 96h for Pacamã fingerlings. A behavioral assessment was carried out through daily observation of the fish during both experiments, and an increase in mucus production was observed, as well as atypical social behavior in those exposed to the toxic agent. Histopathological evaluation was performed on livers collected after the end of the sublethal experiment, and the main hepatic alterations observed were cytoplasmic vacuolization, inflammatory infiltrate, and necrosis. Mancozeb has toxic potential and is capable of generating behavioral changes, as well as increasing the risk of liver damage in Pacamãs exposed to this compound.

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Histopathological Alterations in the Gill, Liver and Brain of Cyprinus Carpio on Exposure to Quinalphos

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Polyethylene microplastics increases the tissue damage caused by 4-nonylphenol in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juvenile

Polyethylene microplastics increases the tissue damage caused by 4-nonylphenol in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juvenile

Neurotoxic effects of different sizes of plastics (nano, micro, and macro) on juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Evaluation of the acute and sublethal toxicity of Mancozeb in Pacamã (Lophiosilurus alexandri)

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