Histopathological and virological studies on monkeypox

Gispen, R.; Verlinde, J. D.; Zwart, P.

doi:10.1007/bf01241445

Cited by 52 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…With few exceptions, systemic lesions indicating viral dissemination to secondary or tertiary sites were similar to those seen after experimental parenteral inoculation and natural infection (Gispen et al, 1967;Hahon, 1961;Sauer et al, 1960;Wenner et al, 1968Wenner et al, , 1969a. Based on IHC and ultrastructural examination, viral distribution was limited to sites exhibiting morphologic changes readily apparent by routine light microscopy.…”

Section: Zaucha Et Almentioning

confidence: 85%

The Pathology of Experimental Aerosolized Monkeypox Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Zaucha

Jahrling

Geisbert

et al. 2001

Laboratory Investigation

268

259

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SUMMARY:Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed by fine-particle aerosol to lethal doses of monkeypox virus, Zaire strain. Death, attributable to fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia, occurred 9 to 17 days postexposure. Lower airway epithelium served as the principal target for primary infection. The relative degree of involvement among lymphoid tissues suggested that tonsil, mediastinal, and mandibular lymph nodes were also infected early in the course of the disease, and may have served as additional, although subordinate, sites of primary replication. The distribution of lesions was consistent with lymphatogenous spread to the mediastinal lymph nodes and systemic dissemination of the virus through a monocytic cell-associated viremia. This resulted in lesions affecting other lymph nodes, the thymus, spleen, skin, oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive system. The mononuclear phagocyte/dendritic cell system was the principal target within lymphoid tissues and may also have provided the means of entry into other systemic sites. Hepatic involvement was uncommon. Lesions at all affected sites were characterized morphologically as necrotizing. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining of select lesions suggested that cell death within lymphoid and epithelial tissues was due in large part to apoptosis. Skin and mucosal surfaces of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts also exhibited variable proliferation of epithelial cells and subjacent fibroblasts. Epithelial intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, consistent with Guarnieri bodies, were usually inconspicuous by light microscopy, but when present, were most readily apparent in the stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa and epidermis. Multinucleated syncytial cells were also occasionally observed in the stratified squamous epithelium of the tongue, tonsil, and skin, and in the intestinal mucosa. Monkeypox virus antigen was readily demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using anti-vaccinia mouse polyclonal antibodies as well as anti-monkeypox rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Detectable poxviral antigen was limited to sites exhibiting obvious morphologic involvement and was most prominent within epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts of affected tissues. The presence of poxviral antigen, as determined by immunohistochemistry, correlated with ultrastructural identification of replicating virus. Concurrent bacterial septicemia, present in one monkey, was associated with increased dissemination of the virus to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow and resulted in a more rapidly fatal clinical course. (Lab Invest 2001, 81:1581-1600.

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Section: Zaucha Et Almentioning

confidence: 85%

The Pathology of Experimental Aerosolized Monkeypox Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Zaucha

Jahrling

Geisbert

et al. 2001

Laboratory Investigation

268

259

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“…Several other species also became infected, with various degrees of mortality and morbidity, including both African gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla ) and most (n unknown) chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ), which became ill and presented with pox lesions; the only Asian gibbon ( Hylobates lar ) in the park, which died after 18 days of severe illness and presented with vesicles on the face, trunk and limbs; three (total n unknown) South American squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus ) died, with one out of three presenting with pox lesions; four (total n unknown) African owl-faced monkeys ( Cercopithecus hamlyni ), which became sick and presented with lesions on the lips that resolved within a few days; and a South American common marmoset ( Hapale jacchus ), which became sick and died following reddening and swelling of the area around the nose and eyes with lesions on the face and belly. Some other Hapale also presented with similar swelling, but had no further clinical signs [38,39]. …”

Section: Discovery Of Mpxv and Natural Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…route with MPXV (Utrecht 64-7255) [38] isolated from animals from the Rotterdam Zoo outbreak [39]. The scarified monkey showed a temperature rise on day 6 and a local eruption of pox lesions 1 day later that had crusted over and fallen off by day 20.…”

Section: Early Experimental Studies On Mpxv Pathogenesis In M Fascicmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Experimental and Natural Infections of Animals with Monkeypox Virus Between 1958 and 2012

2013

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Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was discovered in 1958 during an outbreak in an animal facility in Copenhagen, Denmark. Since its discovery, MPXV has revealed a propensity to infect and induce disease in a large number of animals within the mammalia class from pan-geographical locations. This finding has impeded the elucidation of the natural host, although the strongest candidates are African squirrels and/or other rodents. Experimentally, MPXV can infect animals via a variety of multiple different inoculation routes; however, the natural route of transmission is unknown and is likely to be somewhat species specific. In this review we have attempted to compile and discuss all published articles that describe experimental or natural infections with MPXV, dating from the initial discovery of the virus through to the year 2012. We further discuss the comparative disease courses and pathologies of the host species.

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“…As indicated above, natural poxvirus infections of nonhuman primates do occur and have been reported in a variety of monkeys and apes: rhesus, cynomolgus, other macaques, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan (104,118,235,270,271,347). Espafia (personal communication) described an outbreak of monkey pox in various species of monkeys, including a number heretofore not incriminated (Presbytis cristatus and M. nemestrina).…”

Section: Poxvirusesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparative Virology in Primates

Kalter

1974

Perspectives in Primate Biology

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Histopathological and virological studies on monkeypox

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

The Pathology of Experimental Aerosolized Monkeypox Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

The Pathology of Experimental Aerosolized Monkeypox Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

A Review of Experimental and Natural Infections of Animals with Monkeypox Virus Between 1958 and 2012

Comparative Virology in Primates

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