Histopathological assessment of non-neoplastic thyroid lesions - A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Thyroid lesions usually present as mass lesions or in association with hypo or hyper thyroidism. FNAC has certain limitations like adequacy of specimen and interpretation of cytology, as the sampling of the lesion can be variable and not always representative. Hence, specific diagnosis can be arrived at only after a histopathological examination. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to describe histopathology patterns, frequency, age and sex distribution of non-neoplastic thyroid gland lesions in the southwest region of Maharashtra to aid clinicians in appropriate treatment and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 110 non-neoplastic thyroid specimens received at the department of Pathology, D.Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, between October 2018 to September 2020. Results: The frequency of non-neoplastic thyroid lesions was found to be 2% of all surgical specimens. Most commonly encountered specimens were of Hemithyroidectomy (31.8%) Female predominance with F:M ratio of 2.5:1 was seen. Most of the lesions occurred in the 4 t h decade. Out of the 110 cases, most common lesions were hyperplastic (74.5%), followed by inflammatory lesions (21.8%) and congenital lesions (3.7%). Evaluation of any thyroid specimen should be thorough through complete histopathological examination. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of any enlarged thyroid should be thorough to arrive at a definite diagnosis.