Histopathological changes and zootechnical performance in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) under chronic exposure to nitrate

Pereira, Acácio; Carvalho, António Paulo; Cruz, Cristina; Saraiva, Aurélia

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.02.018

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this experiment, photomicrographs for the histopathology of kidney structures in case of control site fish showed normal interrenal, chromaffin, and hemopoietic tissues, renal corpuscle, renal tubule, glomerulus, “Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule and distal tubule” structures while in the case of polluted site fish many abnormalities such as Necrosis of the hematopoietic interstitial tissue, vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules, narrowing of the tubular lumen, glomerulonephritis and renal tubular atrophy were found and these results were found to be in line with the findings of Subhadra and Shelley, 1994, Cengiz, 2006, Sultana et al, 2016. Findings of this project in response to freshwater pollution, such as glomeruli expansion, hypertrophied nucleus, occlusion of the lumen of tubules, absence of Bowman’s space, degeneration of renal tubular cells, regeneration of tubules, “dilation of capillaries in the glomerulus”, severe clogging of tubules, glomerular shrinkage, and “necrosis of the hematopoietic interstitial tissue” substantiate the findings of Benli et al, 2008, Drobac et al, 2016, Cuevas et al, 2016, Tabassum et al, 2016, and Pereira et al (2017). Histopathological alternations in the kidney structures of the fish species in this study also validate the findings of Ortiz et al, 2003, Thophon et al, 2003, Van et al, 2004, Olojo et al, 2005, Velmurugan et al, 2007, Peebua et al, 2008, and Mishra and Mohanty (2008) who reported nephrotoxicity in response to heavy metals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Environmentally induced nephrotoxicity and histopathological alternations in Wallago attu and Cirrhinus mrigla

Hussain

Fatima

Al‐Ghanim

et al. 2019

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Fish kidneys are sensitive to chemical changes in the freshwater ecosystem because they are directly and constantly exposed to chemicals dissolved in the water. This study evaluated nephrotoxicity in Wallago attu and Cirrhinus mrigala harvested from the Chenab River in an area of industrial and sewage waste disposal. Induced histological alternation data were correlated to the severity of environmental degradation in order to determine whether this biological system can be used as a tool for environmental monitoring programs. Kidneys from two fish species occupying different niches were collected and stored for 24 h in 10% formalin. Control fish were collected upstream of the polluted river area. Specimens were processed using topical histological methods. The major histological alterations observed in both species were renal tubule myxospora, hyperemia, glomerulonephritis, degeneration of renal tubule cells, dilation of glomerular capillaries, presence of pycnotic nuclei in the hematopoietic tissue, epithelial hypertrophy, vacuolization, reduced lumen of renal tubules, and shrinkage of glomeruli. Renal tubular atrophy, degeneration due to extensive degranulation, necrosis of glomeruli, glomerular expansion, absence of Bowman’s space, hypertrophied nucleus, necrosis and hyalinization of the interstitium, clogging of tubules, and regeneration of tubules was also observed. Wallago attu exhibited the maximum incidence of moderate to severe changes and was defined as having the highest “histopathologic alteration index”. These severe alterations were found to be related to environmental degradation, indicating the presence of stressors in freshwater. Control groups showed normal tissue morphology in the kidneys.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Environmentally induced nephrotoxicity and histopathological alternations in Wallago attu and Cirrhinus mrigla

Hussain

Fatima

Al‐Ghanim

et al. 2019

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…Our outcome is also consistent with studies in other freshwater taxa showing that nitrate effects on growth and survival occur at > 500 mg NO 3 - /l (e.g. [31,75–77]). However, the neutral effect of nitrate on mosquitofish does not exclude the possibility that fish exposed to nitrate may reduce their ability to cope with other pollutants if nitrate alters the internal ionic composition of fish at an osmoregulation cost and probably impairs important enzymatic complexes, such as those involved in detoxification [62].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, there is no experimental evidence for other nitrate-induced alterations in mosquitofish. The effects of nitrate on other fish species are negative [11,24,30], almost neutral [31] and even protective against a disease [32]. Nevertheless, these studies were mostly conducted on captive-reared species, which may have a higher tolerance to nitrate than wild fish because nitrate accumulates in aquaculture tanks and nitrate pre-exposure increases tolerance [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecologically relevant biomarkers reveal that chronic effects of nitrate depend on sex and life stage in the invasive fish Gambusia holbrooki

et al. 2019

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Agricultural intensification and shifts in precipitation regimes due to global climate change are expected to increase nutrient concentrations in aquatic ecosystems. However, the direct effects of nutrients widely present in wastewaters, such as nitrate, are poorly studied. Here, we use multiple indicators of fish health to experimentally test the effects of three ecologically relevant nitrate concentrations (<10, 50 and 250 mg NO3-/l) on wild-collected mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), a species widely introduced for mosquito biocontrol in often eutrophic waters. Overall, biomarkers (histopathology, feeding assays, growth and caloric content and stable isotopes as indicators of energy content) did not detect overt signs of serious disease in juveniles, males or females of mosquitofish. However, males reduced food intake at the highest nitrate concentration compared to the controls and females. Similarly, juveniles reduced energy reserves without significant changes in growth or food intake. Calorimetry was positively associated with the number of perivisceral fat cells in juveniles, and the growth rate of females was negatively associated with δ15N signature in muscle. This study shows that females are more tolerant to nitrate than males and juveniles and illustrates the advantages of combing short- and long-term biomarkers in environmental risk assessment, including when testing for the adequacy of legal thresholds for pollutants.

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“…Exposure bioassays to NO 3 -N in fish revealed more sensitivity during early life stages (Rueda-Jasso et al, 2017), likely due to interference with biological processes such as body growth and reproductive development or behavior (Yu et al, 2021). The gills are the main route of NO 3 -N absorption (Pereira et al, 2017). Physiological responses to pollutants aim to maintain gill activity preceding the loss of function related to the degree of damage (Emam et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential sensitivity of offspring from four species of goodeine freshwater fish to acute exposure to nitrates

Villa-Villaseñor

Yáñez-Rivera²,

Rueda-Jasso³

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) pollution related to anthropogenic activities is increasing in freshwater ecosystems. Knowledge about NO3-N sensitivity in freshwater wild fish is needed to understand the differential tolerance between species. Goodeinae is a subfamily of 41 endemic fishes that inhabit central Mexico, with 33 species in the IUCN red list and three extinct. Distributional patterns suggest tolerant and sensitive goodeines related to the conservation gradient of freshwater ecosystems. Four species with a differential distribution and tolerance were selected to evaluate their physiological responses to NO3-N. Fish were exposed to different NO3-N concentrations for 96 h and the median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined. Swimming disorders plus gill and liver histopathological indexes were estimated and incorporated into an Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) for each species. Skiffia lermae (LC50 = 474.332 mg/L) and Xenotoca variata (LC50 = 520.273 mg/L) were more sensitive than Goodea atripinnis (LC50 = 953.049 mg/L) and Alloophorus robustus (LC50 = 1537.13 mg/L). The typical histological damage produced by NaNO3-N exposure was fusion of secondary lamellae in gills. This was present in all species and cellular degeneration was observed at the highest concentrations. Secondary lamellae aneurysms were only observed in G. atripinnis. Liver alterations included vascular dilation in hepatic sinusoids, hyperemia and nuclear hypertrophy; higher concentrations produced hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolation and reduced frequency of cell nuclei. Behavioral and histopathological alterations could explain the differential species sensitivity. The results suggest that species which preserve gill function and transfer the task of detoxification to the liver might have the best chance of surviving in polluted environments. Moreover, species previously considered as tolerant may be highly susceptible to NaNO3-N exposure. Therefore, it is necessary to closely monitor NaNO3-N concentrations in freshwater ecosystems and, if possible, reduce their levels to avoid the loss of wild populations.

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Histopathological changes and zootechnical performance in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) under chronic exposure to nitrate

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Environmentally induced nephrotoxicity and histopathological alternations in Wallago attu and Cirrhinus mrigla

Environmentally induced nephrotoxicity and histopathological alternations in Wallago attu and Cirrhinus mrigla

Ecologically relevant biomarkers reveal that chronic effects of nitrate depend on sex and life stage in the invasive fish Gambusia holbrooki

Differential sensitivity of offspring from four species of goodeine freshwater fish to acute exposure to nitrates

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