Histopathological Considerations in the Diagnosis of Tumours of Adrenal Medulla

Abstract

BACKGROUNDTumours of the adrenal medulla can be heterogeneous in morphology and unpredictable in biological behaviour. Diagnosis of these tumours requires histopathological evaluation along with clinical and radiological correlation. These tumours are categorized into neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma groups based on specific features. However, in some cases distinguishing malignancy becomes extremely difficult, especially in case of pheochromocytoma. Moreover, differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma from adrenal cortical tumours and metastatic lesions poses many challenges to the pathologist. Careful gross and microscopic examination of these lesions is essential for an accurate diagnosis and immunohistochemistry is crucial for confirmation.