Histopathological Effects of Formaldehyde (CH2O) on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)

Abstract

Formaldehyde is commonly used as a disinfectant and also in a control of fish disease in aquaculture sector. However, this widespread use, can lead to environmental degradation and can cause negative effects on the treated fish with. In this study 250 mg/L (1 hour) and 500 mg/L (45 min) concentrations of formaldehyde were used. From the results of the histopathological findings degeneration was determined in the epithelial cells and pilar in the gill lamellae, lymphoid infiltration interlamellar necrosis and degeneration of the muscle tissue, dilatation in the liver, congestion in veins, degeneration in hepatocytes, damage in the blood vessels of fish which were treated with formaldehyde. In conclusion; formaldehyde was found to have a negative impact in histological examination in applied rainbow trout. Therefore, it was concluded that it should be used consciously and according the needs in aquaculture. Keywords Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Formaldehit (CH2O)'in Histopatolojik EtkileriÖz: Formaldehit su ürünleri sektöründe balık hastalıklarının kontrolü ve dezenfektan olarak yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, bu durum çeşitli çevresel olumsuzluklara sebep olabildiği gibi, uygulama yapılan balıklarda da olumsuz etkilere neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada 250 mg/L (1 saat) ve 500 mg/L (45 dk) konsantrasyonlarında formaldehit uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen histopatolojik bulgularda formaldehit uygulanan balıkların solungaç lamellalarda pilar ve epitel hücrelerinde dejenerasyon, interlamella alanlarda lenfoid ve mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu ve nekroz, kas dokularında dejenerasyon, karaciğerlerinde genleşme, venalarında konjesyon, damarlarda hasar ve hepatositlerde dejenerasyon belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak formaldehit uygulamasının gökkuşağı alabalıklarında histolojik olarak olumsuz etkilere neden olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle su ürünleri işletmelerinde bilinçli ve ihtiyaç dahilinde kullanılması gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.

Effect of feed supplementation with kynurenic acid on the morphology of the liver, kidney and gills in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792), healthy and experimentally infected with Yersinia ruckeri

“…Similar changes were reported after bathing rainbow trout in solution of formalin, which is well known for its toxicity to fish (Bulut et al . ). These results could suggest that KYNA given in a dose of 250 mg kg −1 might aggravate pathologic changes rather than support the antibacterial response.…”

“…The most astonishing phenomenon was noticed in the group supplemented with the highest KYNA dose (250 mg kg À1 ), which demonstrated massive necrosis of organs (hepatic parenchyma, walls of blood vessels, epithelium, glomerules or renal tubules). Similar changes were reported after bathing rainbow trout in solution of formalin, which is well known for its toxicity to fish (Bulut et al 2015). These results could suggest that KYNA given in a dose of 250 mg kg À1 might aggravate pathologic changes rather than support the antibacterial response.…”

Liver histopathological and oxidative stress assessment by a combination of formaldehyde and oxytetracycline in sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrax L)

“…More recently, Bulut et al . (2015) showed that 250 mg L -1 (1 hour) and 500 mg L -1 (45 minutes) concentrations of FA in aquaculture of Rainbow Trout caused interlamellar necrosis and degeneration of the muscle tissue, dilatation in the liver, congestion in veins, and degeneration in hepatocytes and damage in the blood vessels.…”

“…On rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) epithelial lesions have been described, as changes in mucous cell densities and production of high levels of stress hormone cortisol ( Lumsden et al ., 1994 ; Buchmann et al ., 2004 ; Jørgensen and Buchmann, 2007 ; Bulut et al ., 2015 ).…”

Lipid Peroxidation in the Heart and Liver of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Upon Disinfection by Formalin

“…Hyperplasia, epithelial disruption and necrosis cloudy swelling, hemorrhage and the accumulation of pigments in gill, necrosis in the liver parenchyma and renal tubules and degeneration as histological effect of applying of different formaldehyde concentration ranging between 50 to 500 ppm to the fry (with 6 g average weight) of Chanoschanos were observed [7]. Degeneration in the epithelial cells and pilar in the gill lamellae, lymphoid infiltration, interlamellar necrosis and degeneration of the muscle tissue, dilatation in the liver, congestion in veins, degeneration in hepatocytes, damage in the blood vessels of rainbow trout treated with formaldehyde were determined by Bulut and co-workers (2015) [5].…”