Histopathological, histomorphometrical, and radiological evaluations of hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass and fluorapatite/bioactive glass nanocomposite foams as cell scaffolds in rat tibia: anin vivostudy

Abstract

Bone defects are common and persistent problems in clinical orthopedics and dentistry. The development of synthetic reconstruction materials is essential owing to the restricted access to natural bone grafts, disease transmission risks, surgical costs, donor-site morbidity, infections, and immune response-related complications. The present study was done to evaluate the histopathological, histomorphometrical, and radiological characteristics of composite foams containing hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass (HA/BG) and fluorapatite/bioactive glass (FA/BG) as cell scaffolds in rat tibia reconstruction. A total of 60 rats were divided into four equal groups, of which three groups were implanted with HA/BG, FA/BG, and CenoBone biomaterials, and the fourth group served as the implant-free controls. Five rats from each group were sacrificed at 15, 30, or 60 days after implantation, and radiological, histopathological, and histomorphometrical assessments were carried out. Based on the findings, no foreign body reaction was present in the rats. Additionally, bone-biomaterial contact occurred directly without the involvement of connective tissues. The number of osteoblasts was reduced in the implant groups, whereas the trabecular thickness and rate of new bone formation were increased in all groups, where the increase in the FA/BG group was the most prominent. The mean percentage difference in bone density between the implant site and the host bone was greater in the FA/BG group at all three time points of the study. Based on the results of the present study and the positive characteristics of these nanocomposite foams, they can be suitable options for implantation in damaged tissues in tissue engineering.

A comparative study on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the hydroxyapatite‐bioactive glass and fluorapatite‐bioactive glass nanocomposite foams as tissue scaffold for bone repair

“…If OH ‐ groups in hydroxyapatite [Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 OH 2 ] are replaced completely with F ‐ ions, the fluorapatite [Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 F 2 ] is formed which is the external dental constituent and has a higher chemical and structural stability than hydroxyapatite. This replacement significantly increases its resistance to biodegradability and thermal decomposition, and by better protein absorption, expresses a comparable and even better cellular connection than hydroxyapatite …”

“…This replacement significantly increases its resistance to biodegradability and thermal decomposition, and by better protein absorption, expresses a comparable and even better cellular connection than hydroxyapatite. 13,14 The combination of bioactive glass with hydroxyapatite produces special properties such as augmentation bioactivity and mechanical properties. 14,15 Adding silicate ions into the hydroxyapatite structure increases the intrinsic bioactivity and induces bone formation and vascularization during bone regeneration.…”

“…13,14 The combination of bioactive glass with hydroxyapatite produces special properties such as augmentation bioactivity and mechanical properties. 14,15 Adding silicate ions into the hydroxyapatite structure increases the intrinsic bioactivity and induces bone formation and vascularization during bone regeneration. 16,17 Supplementing BG with FA (instead of HA) might improve its physical and biological properties.…”

Evaluation of antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass and fluorapatite/bioactive glass nanocomposite foams as a cellular scaffold of bone tissue

“…[ 10 ] If OH− groups in HA arecompletely replaced with F−, fluorapatite (FA) is formed. [ 11 ] Microorganisms have a strong tendency to cause surfaces to form a micro-ecosystem in which various microbial strains and species grow in a slime-enclosed biofilm. [ 3 12 13 ] Antibacterial activity of bioactive ceramics is influenced by their own chemical composition and degradation conditions around them.…”

Uso da membrana de látex revestida com β-trifosfato de cálcio na regeneração guiada de defeito ósseo em tíbia de ratas osteopênicas

“…Importante observar que a medida do defeito realizado pode ser uma medida limite para as dimensões da região metafisária da tíbia, pois valores maiores que 3mm de diâmetro há grande probabilidade de ocorrer fratura no local do defeito (KIDO et al, 2017;LIU et al, 2016;PINTO et al, 2018;SEYEDMAJIDI et al, 2018).…”