Histopathological in Gills, Hepatopancreas and Gut of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Infected White Feces Disease (WFD)

Anjaini, Jefri; Fadjar, Mohamad; Andayani, Sri; Agustin, Ivana; Bayu, Ilham

doi:10.21776/ub.rjls.2018.005.03.6

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This implies a resilience of bacterial communities in shrimp pond water after short disturbances, as can also be observed in other environments 49 , 59 , 60 . However, we point out that prolonged exposure to water deterioration and elevated pathogen proportions may increase disease severity and lead to mass mortality of cultured shrimps as previously observed 5 , 61 . Our findings on the application of commercial probiotics to cure WFD in shrimps revealed that probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus were absent in WB, IB and FSB, suggesting that such an application was not effective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Structure and co-occurrence patterns of bacterial communities associated with white faeces disease outbreaks in Pacific white-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei aquaculture

Alfiansah

Peters

Harder

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Bacterial diseases cause production failures in shrimp aquacultures. to understand environmental conditions and bacterial community dynamics contributing to white faeces disease (WFD) events, we analysed water quality and compared bacterial communities in water as well as in intestines and faeces of healthy and diseased shrimps, respectively, via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR of transmembrane regulatory protein (toxR), thermolabile haemolysin (tlh), and thermostable direct haemolysin genes of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a proxy for virulence. WfD occurred when pH decreased to 7.71-7.84, and Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio dominated the aquatic bacterial communities. the disease severity further correlated with increased proportions of Alteromonas, Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio in shrimp faeces. these opportunistic pathogenic bacteria constituted up to 60% and 80% of the sequences in samples from the early and advances stages of the disease outbreak, respectively, and exhibited a high degree of co-occurrence. Furthermore, toxR and tlh were detected in water at the disease event only. Notably, bacterial community resilience in water occurred when pH was adjusted to 8. Then WFD ceased without a mortality event. In conclusion, pH was a reliable indicator of the WFD outbreak risk. Dissolved oxygen and compositions of water and intestinal bacteria may also serve as indicators for better prevention of WfD events. Bacterial diseases are a major problem for Penaeus vannamei pond aquaculture in Asia and Latin America. They have been causing severe annual economic losses reaching approximately USD 1 billion over last decade 1,2. Among reported bacterial diseases, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and white faeces disease (WFD) are the most infectious and lethal ones 3,4. The latter has frequently been occurring in Asian shrimp aquaculture since 2009 3,5,6 , which reduced shrimp survival to 20-30% 6. WFD events are characterized by the presence of white faecal strings which float in the rearing water 3,6. They usually occur after approximately 50 days of culture 6 , resulting in retarded shrimp growth, unprofitable harvests, and even mass mortality 7. Loss of microvilli and subsequent lysis in hepatopancreas and midgut associated with

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Structure and co-occurrence patterns of bacterial communities associated with white faeces disease outbreaks in Pacific white-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei aquaculture

Alfiansah

Peters

Harder

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Even when they do, the WFS is not associated with severe mortality or other serious production problems (Sanguanrut et al, 2018). In our experience, white midguts may also be caused by heavy gregarine infections, severe Vibrio infections and hemocytic enteritis caused by ingested blue-green algae (Anjaini et al, 2018;Somboon et al, 2012), but they are not usually associated with accumulation of floating fecal mats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

A potential prokaryotic and microsporidian pathobiome that may cause shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS)

Prachumwat

Munkongwongsiri

Eamsaard

et al. 2021

Preprint

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White feces syndrome (WFS) in shrimp cultivation ponds is characterized by the occurrence of shrimp with abnormal, white intestines (midguts) combined with large floating mats of white, shrimp fecal strings. The etiology for WFS is complex, similar to diarrhea in humans. EHP-WFS is a type of WFS characterized by massive quantities of spores from the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) together with mixed, unidentified bacteria in the shrimp hepatopancreas, midgut and fecal strings. However, WFS does not always develop in shrimp with severe EHP infections in controlled laboratory challenges. Further, in EHP-WFS outbreak ponds, some shrimp show white midguts (WG) while others in the same pond show grossly normal midguts (NG). We hypothesized that comparison of the microbial flora between WG and NG from the same EHP-WFS pond would reveal probable combinations of microbes significantly associated with EHP-WFS. To test this hypothesis, we selected a pond exhibiting a severe EHP-WFS outbreak in cultivated Penaeus vannamei and used a combination of microscopic and microbial profiling analyses to compare WG and NG samples. By histology, EHP plasmodia and spores were confirmed in the hepatopancreas (HP) and midgut of WG and NG shrimp, but pathological severity and spore quantity was higher in the WG shrimp. In addition, intestinal microbiomes in WG shrimp were less diverse and had higher abundance of bacteria from the genera Vibrio and Propionigenium. Propionigenium quantity in the HP of WG shrimp was significantly higher (P = 1.08e-5) than in NG shrimp (4,506 vs. 3 copies /100 ng DNA, respectively). These findings supported our hypothesis by revealing two candidate bacterial genera that should be tested in combination with EHP as a potential eukaryote-prokaryote pathobiome that causes EHP-WFS in P. vannamei.

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“…The White Feces Disease (WFD) is the most common disease found in the Pacific white shrimp. An early indication of this disease is the white dirt floating on the water surface [9]. Histology samples of hepatopancreas from the Pacific white shrimp showing White Feces Disease (WFD) symptoms were collected from two ponds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological of the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected by white feces disease

Damora

Salsabila

Muhammadar

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The high production of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Pidie Jaya impacts water quality decline around the ponds due to aquaculture waste. This condition causes shrimp to be susceptible to diseases, one of which is white feces disease (WFD). The objective of the study is to determine the level of hepatopancreatic damage caused by WFD through histopathological performance. Four shrimp samples were taken randomly from two semi-intensive ponds in Meurah Dua District, Pidie Jaya Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. The results showed that the histopathology in the hepatopancreas was severely damaged. The damages include vacuolization, fat degeneration, and necrosis in ponds with higher ammonia concentrations. According to pH, temperature, salinity, and ammonia concentrations, ponds near residential areas were more polluted than ponds far from residential areas. This condition is projected by the more damaged histopathological obstruction of the shrimp’s hepatopancreas.

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Histopathological in Gills, Hepatopancreas and Gut of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Infected White Feces Disease (WFD)

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Structure and co-occurrence patterns of bacterial communities associated with white faeces disease outbreaks in Pacific white-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei aquaculture

Structure and co-occurrence patterns of bacterial communities associated with white faeces disease outbreaks in Pacific white-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei aquaculture

A potential prokaryotic and microsporidian pathobiome that may cause shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS)

Histopathological of the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected by white feces disease

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