Histopathological Study of Endometrium in Postmenopausal Bleeding

Mallick, Arati; Behera, Ritanjali; Subudhi, Khetrabasi

doi:10.14260/jemds/1564

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Two cases each of simple hyperplasia with focal atypia and complex hyperplasia with focal atypia were also reported. Our findings are similar to the findings by Kothapally et al 3 Arati mallick et al 6 The risk of malignant transformation increases with increase in complexity and atypia from 1 to 29% and, therefore, sampling of such lesion becomes mandatory in order to rule out malignancy. 8 Therefore early detection and proper management has to be offered to such patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the present study, of total lesions, benign lesions accounted for 44%, premalignant lesions 25.7%, malignant lesions 18.34%, and 11% were reported as inadequate. Similar findings were observed in studies done by Kothapally et al, 3 Nirupama et al, 7 Swami et al, 14 and Usman et al 8 But our study is in contrast to the study done by Arati mallick et al 6 where malignant lesions were more in number.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The results from our study emphasise that endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant cause for postmenopausal bleeding and are comparable with the studies done by Sonali rati etal 5 and Arati mallick. 6 But these findings are in contrast to various other Indian studies where carcinoma cervix was more common. 1,3,7,10 The results of our study are in correlation with the studies done by Usman 8 and Bani irshadi.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…The complex atypical hyperplasia has 25-30% incidence of progression to invasive carcinoma while simple hyperplasia has only 1% incidence of progression. 6 In our study out of 28 premalignant lesions 9 cases were simple cystoglandular hyperplasias. Two cases each of simple hyperplasia with focal atypia and complex hyperplasia with focal atypia were also reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…5 Postmenopausal bleeding is as an ominous and serious alarm of genital pathologies and classic medical teaching has labelled postmenopausal bleeding as "Endometrial cancer until proven otherwise " . 6 Postmenopausal Bleeding (PMB) is a common clinical problem and occurs in approximately 3% of postmenopausal women. 7 Postmenopausal bleeding occurs over a wide age range and can result from a number of pathologies arising in any of the female genital tract organs, particularly uterus and cervix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of histomorphological findings and malignancies in postmenopausal bleeding

Pavani¹,

Geetha²,

Ericson³

et al. 2020

IJPO

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Introduction:In this era, as the life expectancy is increasing, women are experiencing a long postmenopausal phase. Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is a sinister complaint and accounts for about 10% of postmenopausal complaints. Being a symptom of varied etiologies and its strong association with malignancy, it should be diligently evaluated. Aims and Objectives: 1. To evaluate the histopathological spectrum of lesions presenting as PMB. 2. To estimate the incidence of premalignant, and malignant lesions presenting as PMB. 3. To confirm the benign nature of the lesions to prevent unnecessary radical treatment. Materials and Methods: This prospective study done from January 2016 to September 2017 and included the endometrial biopsies/curettages and cervical biopsies sent for histopathological examination from clinically diagnosed cases of postmenopausal bleeding. Results: Out of all the samples majority were benign lesions (44%), followed by premalignant (25.7%), malignant lesions (18.3%). Conclusion: A variety of histopathological findings are seen in PMB. Benign pathologies were more common in our study but the collective proportion of premalignant and malignant lesions is considerably higher in this study. Accurate diagnosis makes it much easier to counsel the patient about further course of management, prevent unnecessary radical treatment for benign conditions, prompt treatment, and vigilant follow up for malignant lesions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of histomorphological findings and malignancies in postmenopausal bleeding

Pavani¹,

Geetha²,

Ericson³

et al. 2020

IJPO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Fetal Doppler for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in preeclampsia in a low resource setting

Mishra

Pattanayak

Sahoo

et al. 2019

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian activity. Menopause normally occurs between the age of 45 to 50 years. The age of menopause varies with geographical, racial and nutritional factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate and to know the incidence of various cause of PMB.Methods: This was a prospective study of the patient with PMB attending the OPD or admitted for evaluation under Obstetrics and Gynecology department. Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, BBSR, Odisha from November 2016 to October 2018 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with history clinical examination and investigation and informed consent from the patient. Data analyses will be done by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Maximum number of cases with PMB were found in age group 55-64 (52%). 57% of cases were malignant and rest 43% were benign origin. carcinoma cervix is most common malignant lesion in 80% cases and atrophic endometrium is most common benign lesion (42%).Conclusions: In the present study the incidence malignancy causing PMB was 57% and benign cases was 43% Universal Screening of all PMB cases for genital tract malignancy is mandatory.

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A two-year study on postmenopausal bleeding at a tertiary institute

Lavanya¹,

Munivenkatappa

Sravanthi

2021

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: The life expectancy of women shows an increase as a result of which women experience a long postmenopausal phase. Postmenopausal bleeding is a worrisome symptom occurring in 10 % of the women, making them seek a gynaecology opinion at the earliest. Women in developed countries have a predilection for developing endometrial cancer whereas cancer cervix still dominates in the developing countries. This prospective study was carried out on 75 women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding to the gynaecology clinic at a tertiary hospital set up. The study aimed to find the incidence of postmenopausal bleeding, age distribution, causes and different evaluation methods to confirm the diagnosis.Methods: The present study is a prospective study conducted on 75 postmenopausal women reporting with postmenopausal bleeding at the gynaecology clinic at a tertiary care hospital. Results: Menopause was noted above 45 years in 84% of the patients and 16% were in 40-45 years age. Postmenopausal bleeding was observed in 50-60 years in 56% of women and 30% above 60 years. The medical problems associated were hypertension (20%), diabetes (11%), obesity (22%), hypothyroidism (4%). 53 women had benign causes while 22 had malignancy.Conclusions: Benign lesions of the genital tract are common causes of postmenopausal bleeding. Carcinoma cervix and endometrium classically present with postmenopausal bleed. Strong suspicion, thorough evaluation and early diagnosis improve the quality of life and reduce the morbidity and mortality.

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Histopathological Study of Endometrium in Postmenopausal Bleeding

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of histomorphological findings and malignancies in postmenopausal bleeding

Evaluation of histomorphological findings and malignancies in postmenopausal bleeding

Fetal Doppler for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in preeclampsia in a low resource setting

A two-year study on postmenopausal bleeding at a tertiary institute

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