Histopathology and cytopathology

Wright, Colleen A.; Bezuidenhout, J

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3988-4.00021-4

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cytopathological examination of fluid specimens (such as pleural and peritoneal fluid) may be performed, first to exclude cancer, and then to obtain material for additional analyses, such as measurement of levels of adenosine deaminase and free interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and cell counts (Lewinsohn 2017; Wright 2009a). Advantages of these tests include that they are rapid and simple and can be performed in most clinical laboratories (Dinnes 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advantages of these tests include that they are rapid and simple and can be performed in most clinical laboratories (Dinnes 2007). In pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal fluid, a predominance of lymphocytes, especially in the absence of mesothelial cells, is highly suggestive of TB (Wright 2009a). However, in HIV‐positive people, this pattern may not be observed (Wright 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal fluid, a predominance of lymphocytes, especially in the absence of mesothelial cells, is highly suggestive of TB (Wright 2009a). However, in HIV‐positive people, this pattern may not be observed (Wright 2009a). Adenosine deaminase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, has been extensively studied for its potential role in the diagnosis of pleural TB, peritoneal TB, and TB meningitis (Lewinsohn 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Xpert^®MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance

Kohli

Schiller

Dendukuri

et al. 2018

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

203

195

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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed risk of bias and applicability using the QUADAS-2 tool. We determined pooled predicted sensitivity and specificity for TB, grouped by type of extrapulmonary specimen, and for rifampicin resistance. For TB detection, we used a bivariate random-e ects model. Recognizing that use of culture may lead to misclassification of cases of extrapulmonary TB as 'not TB' owing to the paucibacillary nature of the disease, we adjusted accuracy estimates by applying a latent class meta-analysis model. For rifampicin resistance detection, we performed univariate meta-analyses for sensitivity and specificity separately to include studies in which no rifampicin resistance was detected. We used theoretical populations with an assumed prevalence to provide illustrative numbers of patients with false positive and false negative results. Main results We included 66 unique studies that evaluated 16,213 specimens for detection of extrapulmonary TB and rifampicin resistance. We identified only one study that evaluated the newest test version, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra), for TB meningitis. Fi y studies (76%) took place in low-or middle-income countries. Risk of bias was low for patient selection, index test, and flow and timing domains and was high or unclear for the reference standard domain (most of these studies decontaminated sterile specimens before culture inoculation). Regarding applicability, in the patient selection domain, we scored high or unclear concern for most studies because either patients were evaluated exclusively as inpatients at tertiary care centres, or we were not sure about the clinical settings. Authors' conclusions In people presumed to have extrapulmonary TB, Xpert may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Xpert sensitivity varies across di erent extrapulmonary specimens, while for most specimens, specificity is high, the test rarely yielding a positive result for people without TB Xpert ® MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance (Review)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Xpert^®MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance

Kohli

Schiller

Dendukuri

et al. 2018

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

203

195

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“…). In patients with good immunity, the classic morphological appearance of TB on cytology smears is that of a background of lymphocytes with scattered epithelioid granulomas, occasional Langhans giant cells and a variable amount of necrosis (Fig. ).…”

Section: Fine Needle Aspiration Of Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The cytopathology of mycobacterial infection

Michelow

Touzani

Field

et al. 2016

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Mycobacterial infection, tuberculosis (TB) in particular, remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases in adults and particularly in children, in low and middle income countries. The combination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and TB is often lethal with TB accounting for 25% of deaths in the HIV population. One of the cornerstones for reducing the TB epidemic is early case detection using high quality diagnostic techniques. Cytology, especially fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is able to diagnose mycobacterial infection in a rapid and cost-effective manner without requiring surgery, thus allowing appropriate management to be quickly instituted. Confirmatory ancillary tests can effectively be performed on cytologic material. In this review, the pertinent cytomorphology of mycobacterial infection in various exfoliative and FNAB specimens is presented, in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. In the immunosuppressed, the typical cytomorphology of caseating granulomatous inflammation may not be seen but suppurative necrotic inflammation, mycobacterial spindle pseudotumour or a specimen comprised entirely of necrosis may be seen instead. This review includes discussion of currently available ancillary tests that can be performed on cytologic specimens.

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Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF assays for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults

Kohli

Schiller

Dendukuri

et al. 2021

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

112

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Background Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) and Xpert MTB/RIF are World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended rapid nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) widely used for simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and rifampicin resistance in sputum. To extend our previous review on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Kohli 2018), we performed this update to inform updated WHO policy (WHO Consolidated Guidelines (Module 3) 2020). Objectives To estimate diagnostic accuracy of Xpert Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults with presumptive extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

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Histopathology and cytopathology

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Xpert^®MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance

Xpert^®MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance

The cytopathology of mycobacterial infection

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF assays for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults

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Histopathology and cytopathology

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Xpert®MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance

Xpert®MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance

The cytopathology of mycobacterial infection

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF assays for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Xpert^®MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance

Xpert^®MTB/RIF assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance