Histopathology of the Alarm Reaction in Small Odontocetes

Cowan, Daniel F.; Curry, Barbara E.

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.11.009

Cited by 28 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Because stress may have a psychological component that can be influenced by experience, it may be expected to vary among individuals of the same species [14]. This type of lesion was very prominent in the cardiac tissue of a high proportion (n = 9) of the affected animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lesion, in addition to the perinuclear vacuolisation in myocardiocytes, is considered an indicator of acute myocardial ischaemia [35], [38]. Cardiac histopathologic changes from the lethally ship-struck stranded cetaceans were included in the current study since the coexistence of the same lesion patterns in the longissimus dorsi muscle and cardiac muscles suggests that they may be affected by a common mechanism [39] occurring from stressor factors [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selye [11], [12] stated that if an organism is severely damaged by an acute nonspecific nocuous agent, such as is caused by a sharp trauma, a General Adaptation Syndrome results. The severe destruction of tissue may therefore result in stress and give rise to a sequence of systemic changes that lead to lesional findings (i.e., the degeneration of cardiac and skeletal muscle) [13], [14], [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathological Muscle Findings May Be Essential for a Definitive Diagnosis of Suspected Sharp Trauma Associated with Ship Strikes in Stranded Cetaceans

et al. 2014

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Ship strikes are a major issue for the conservation of may cetacean species. Certain gross and microscopic criteria have been previously reported for establishing a diagnosis of death due to ship strikes in these animals. However, some ship-strike injuries may be masked by advanced carcass decomposition and may be undetectable due to restricted access to the animals. In this report we describe histopathological muscular findings in 13 cetaceans with sharp trauma from ship strikes as the cause of death. Skeletal muscle samples were taken from the incision site and from the main locomotor muscle, the longissimus dorsi, in areas not directly affected by the sharp injury. The microscopic findings in tissues from both sites mainly consisted of haemorrhages; oedema; flocculent, granular or/and hyalinised segmentary degeneration; contraction band necrosis; and discoid degeneration or fragmentation of myofibres. We propose that skeletal muscle histopathology provides evidence of ante-mortem injuries even if the sample was taken elsewhere in the carcass and not only within or adjacent to the sharp trauma site and despite the advanced decomposition of some of the carcasses. This method helps to establish the diagnosis of ship strike as the cause of death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathological Muscle Findings May Be Essential for a Definitive Diagnosis of Suspected Sharp Trauma Associated with Ship Strikes in Stranded Cetaceans

et al. 2014

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“…Small cetaceans such as the harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena, Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli, common dolphins belonging to the genus Delphinus, and the northern right whale dolphin Lissodelphis borealis have had relatively high mortality rates and short survival times after capture (Walker 1975, Reeves & Mead 1999, Dima & Gache 2004. In some instances, this mortality may have been related to stress during capture (Curry 1999, Cowan & Curry 2008. Van Waerebeek et al (2008) also have documented the potentially disastrous effects of ill-conceived live-capture endeavors.…”

Section: Capture and Transport Of Small Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for captive breeding of poorly known small cetacean species

Curry¹,

Ralls²,

Brownell³

2013

Endang. Species. Res.

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Because of the precarious condition of small cetacean species and subpopulations listed as Endangered or Critically Endangered by the IUCN, use of captive breeding for conservation has been suggested for some of them, and will likely be suggested for others. A successful captive breeding program for a new species cannot be implemented until reliable capture and husbandry techniques have been developed. Techniques for assisted reproduction and reintroduction may also be needed. We review attempts to capture, maintain, and breed poorly known small cetaceans and discuss assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that have been used to enhance captive breeding efforts for other small cetaceans. We conclude that the techniques required for successful captive breeding of most Endangered or Critically Endangered small cetacean species have not been sufficiently developed. Development of these techniques should begin before a species or population is Critically Endangered. In particular, ARTs tend to be species specific, necessitating considerable time, money, and research to develop for each species of concern. Critically Endangered populations cannot afford to lose the individuals needed for technique development. The fairly large captive population sizes necessary (to avoid loss of genetic diversity, inbreeding, and genetic adaptation to captivity), limited space available in aquariums, and high costs of captive breeding and reintroduction programs make it unlikely that captive breeding will play a major role in the conservation of most small cetaceans. The substantive conservation measures needed to prevent extinction of Critically Endangered small cetaceans is reduction or elimination of their primary threats, which are usually by-catch and habitat loss.

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“…Prolonged or persistent stress may compromise the immune system, leaving animals susceptible to disease and infection (Apanius, 1998;Cowan & Curry, 2008). Stress-induced immunosupression is of particular interest to rehabilitation facilities treating ill and/or injured marine mammals because the effects associated with the stress response may hinder attempts at therapy (Clark et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Note: An Underwater Recording Stethoscope Based on an Omnidirectional Hydrophone for Use in Dolphin Rehabilitation and Diagnosis

Piwetz¹

2011

Aquat Mamm

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Histopathology of the Alarm Reaction in Small Odontocetes

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Histopathological Muscle Findings May Be Essential for a Definitive Diagnosis of Suspected Sharp Trauma Associated with Ship Strikes in Stranded Cetaceans

Histopathological Muscle Findings May Be Essential for a Definitive Diagnosis of Suspected Sharp Trauma Associated with Ship Strikes in Stranded Cetaceans

Prospects for captive breeding of poorly known small cetacean species

Short Note: An Underwater Recording Stethoscope Based on an Omnidirectional Hydrophone for Use in Dolphin Rehabilitation and Diagnosis

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