Histopathology of viral infections of the lung

Pritt, Bobbi S.; Aubry, Marie Christine

doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2017.06.005

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Among severe patients (mainly patients with DAD and ARDS), “crazy paving pattern” was also depicted in both COVID-19 and H1N1 patients, with slight higher percentage in H1N1. This is concordant with Pritt et al [ 15 ] who reported that diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was seen in severe cases among both COVID-19 and H1N1 patients, showing diffuse ground glass pattern and air filled cystic changes. Based on p value analysis, HRCT findings related to parenchymal or alveolar involvement in severe patients are non-differentiating parameters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

COVID-19 versus H1N1: challenges in radiological diagnosis—comparative study on 130 patients using chest HRCT

Samir

Naguib

Elnekeidy

et al. 2021

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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Background During the current second wave of COVID-19, the radiologists are expected to face great challenges in differentiation between COVID-19 and other virulent influenza viruses, mainly H1N1. Accordingly, this study was performed in order to find any differentiating CT criteria that would help during the expected clinical overlap during the current Influenza season. Results This study was retrospectively conducted during the period from June till November 2020, on acute symptomatic 130 patients with no history of previous pulmonary diseases; 65 patients had positive PCR for COVID-19 including 50 mild patients and 15 critical or severe patients; meanwhile, the other 65 patients had positive PCR for H1N1 including 50 mild patients and 15 critical or severe patients. They included 74 males and 56 females (56.9%:43.1%). Their age ranged 14–90 years (mean age 38.9 ± 20.3 SD). HRCT findings were analyzed by four expert consultant radiologists in consensus. All patients with COVID-19 showed parenchymal or alveolar HRCT findings; only one of them had associated airway involvement. Among the 65 patients with H1N1; 56 patients (86.2%) had parenchymal or alveolar HRCT findings while six patients (9.2%) presented only by HRCT signs of airway involvement and three patients (4.6%) had mixed parenchymal and airway involvement. Regarding HRCT findings of airway involvement (namely tree in bud nodules, air trapping, bronchial wall thickening, traction bronchiectasis, and mucous plugging), all showed significant p value (ranging from 0.008 to 0.04). On the other hand, HRCT findings of parenchymal or alveolar involvement (mainly ground glass opacities) showed no significant relation. Conclusion HRCT can help in differentiation between non-severe COVID-19 and H1N1 based on signs of airway involvement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

COVID-19 versus H1N1: challenges in radiological diagnosis—comparative study on 130 patients using chest HRCT

Samir

Naguib

Elnekeidy

et al. 2021

Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med

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“…The changes in the infant lungs with acute RSV infection include necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage. Syncytial cells appeared in the alveoli and bronchioles with occasional presence of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic viral inclusions (Pritt and Aubry 2017). Pulmonary lesions of RSV-infected lamb reflects these changes including bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and alveolar inflammation characterized by bronchiolar epithelial cell damage/necrosis, syncytial cell formation, intraluminal accumulation of cell debris, mucin and neutrophils, macrophages, and mild adventitial infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells (Fig.…”

Section: Lamb Model Of Rsv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of infants in newborn lambs

2020

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Many animal models have been established for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of infants with the purpose of studying the pathogenesis, immunological response, and pharmaceutical testing and the objective of finding novel therapies and preventive measures. This review centers on a neonatal lamb model of RSV infection that has similarities to RSV infection of infants. It includes a comprehensive description of anatomical and immunological similarities between ovine and human lungs along with comparison of pulmonary changes and immune responses with RSV infection. These features make the newborn lamb an effective model for investigating key aspects of RSV infection in infants. The importance of RSV lamb model application in preclinical therapeutic trials and current updates on new studies with the RSV-infected neonatal lamb are also highlighted.

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“…The presence of MGCs in skin lesions has indeed long been recognized as the hallmark of Herpesvirus infection [ 5 ] and could be used as diagnostic for Herpes simplex keratitis in eyes [ 6 ]. Similarly, MGC formation is also a cytopathologic feature of Herpesvirus infection in the lower respiratory tract [ 7 ]. The extent of Herpesvirus-mediated cell-cell fusion leading to MGC formation is related to the identity of the Herpesvirus but also to the infected tissue: VZV infection results in extensive syncytium formation in skin lesions [ 8 ], while HSV-2 induces limited syncytia consisting of only a minor population of infected cells in the skin lesions [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These poly-karyocytes formed both in skin lesions and in tissue culture, containing no more than ten nuclei, have been referred to as the ‘small MGCs’ [ 37 ]. However, many HSV variants that cause much more extensive cell-cell fusion in tissue culture were readily isolated from laboratory viral stocks [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. These resulting MGCs may contain hundreds or thousands of nuclei, and result from mutations in one or more viral genes [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion

Leroy

Han

Woottum

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Cell-cell fusion between eukaryotic cells is a general process involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, including infections by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses use intracellular machineries and pathways for efficient replication in their host target cells. Interestingly, certain viruses, and, more especially, enveloped viruses belonging to different viral families and including human pathogens, can mediate cell-cell fusion between infected cells and neighboring non-infected cells. Depending of the cellular environment and tissue organization, this virus-mediated cell-cell fusion leads to the merge of membrane and cytoplasm contents and formation of multinucleated cells, also called syncytia, that can express high amount of viral antigens in tissues and organs of infected hosts. This ability of some viruses to trigger cell-cell fusion between infected cells as virus-donor cells and surrounding non-infected target cells is mainly related to virus-encoded fusion proteins, known as viral fusogens displaying high fusogenic properties, and expressed at the cell surface of the virus-donor cells. Virus-induced cell-cell fusion is then mediated by interactions of these viral fusion proteins with surface molecules or receptors involved in virus entry and expressed on neighboring non-infected cells. Thus, the goal of this review is to give an overview of the different animal virus families, with a more special focus on human pathogens, that can trigger cell-cell fusion.

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Histopathology of viral infections of the lung

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

COVID-19 versus H1N1: challenges in radiological diagnosis—comparative study on 130 patients using chest HRCT

COVID-19 versus H1N1: challenges in radiological diagnosis—comparative study on 130 patients using chest HRCT

A model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of infants in newborn lambs

Virus-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion

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