Histophatological changes and inflammatory response induced by Tityus discrepans scorpion venom in rams

D’Suze, Gina; Salazar, Víctor; Díaz, Patricia; Sevcik, Carlos; Azpurua, Humberto; Bracho, N.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.08.021

Cited by 58 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Toxins that reach the venom produced direct inflammatory reaction in the lungs and heart. Tityus discrepans venom also produced inflammatory reaction in different tissues and fibrin deposition (25). Our finding also agrees with another study that found a highmolecular-weight (100 kDa) toxin (T3) which, having been isolated from Mesobuthus tamulus venom, exhibited toxicity in cardiopulmonary parameters.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Cardiopulmonary complications induced by Iranian Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in anesthetized rabbits

Zayerzadeh¹,

Koohi²,

Mirakabadi³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Scorpion envenomation is a life-threatening condition, especially in children and elderly individuals affected by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the toxic effects of median lethal dose (LD50) injections of Mesobuthus eupeus (Me) venom on the heart and lungs of anesthetized rabbits were investigated. Six rabbits were selected and alterations in their electrocardiogram, heart rate, respiration and blood pressure before and after venom injection were recorded. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatinine kinase muscle-brain fraction (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured at 0, 1 and 3 hours after envenomation and pathology studies were carried out postmortem. All the animals showed signs and symptoms of envenomation within 40 minutes and died 3 to 3.5 hours after venom injection. Pathology studies revealed alveolar edema in 100% of the rabbits and myocardial infarction in 16%. The main histopathological changes were myocytolysis, coagulation necrosis, focal hemorrhage, thrombus formation both in myocardium and on endocardial surfaces as well as inflammatory infiltrates in the heart and hemorrhage, vascular thrombus and interstitial inflammation in the lungs. ECG monitoring of rabbits showed ST elevation, ST depression and inverted T and Q waves. In addition, although cTnT levels increased in 16% of the animals and serum LDH was also augmented, none of these changes was statistically significant. The enzyme CK-MB also did not show any change after Me venom injection. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Me venom killed animals in less than 3.5 hours through severe pulmonary damage and it appears that the deaths could not be attributed to cardiovascular lesions. Therefore, Me venom effects on the lungs are so important that they appear to be independent of heart damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Animals presented decreases in respiratory rate, apnea, heavy open-mouth wheezing, bronchial secretions and severe decline in oxygen arterial saturation. This syndrome has been observed in ram lungs after Tityus discrepans scorpion envenomation (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cardiopulmonary complications induced by Iranian Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in anesthetized rabbits

Zayerzadeh¹,

Koohi²,

Mirakabadi³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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show abstract

“…Another studies showed that T. discrepans envenomation induces cytokines, more so at higher venom concentrations and with prolonged envenoming (20,21). In the light of our findings, the pathology of scorpionism is due to a direct effect of toxins as well as secondary to the consequent abnormal neurotransmitter release, all worsened by inflammatory factors promoted by any of these mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Evaluation of Plasma Cytokine Levels in Mesobuthus Eupeus (Scorpionida: Buthidae) Scorpion Envenomation in Rats Treated with Polyvalent Antivenom

Jalali

Mapar

2015

Jundishapur J Health Sci

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Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that scorpion venom increases blood levels of some cytokines, including Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in experimental model of scorpion envenomation in laboratory animals. Objectives: This study aimed to measure circulating cytokines levels in rats after envenomation with Mesobuthus Eupeus scorpion and to compare the findings in rats treated with polyvalent antivenom to evaluate the role of routine treatment in scorpion envenomation. Materials and Methods: For the present research, the venom of Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion was extracted by electric shock and then intraperitoneally injected (1.5 mg/kg) into 2 groups (V: venom group and AV: antivenom group) of 36 Wistar rats each weighing 200 ± 10 g. Additional 36 rats were considered as control group (group C) and were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with 50 μL saline solution. Group AV were injected ip, with polyvalent antivenom 2.5 ml/kg, 30 minutes after envenomation. Heparinized blood samples were collected by heart puncture at different time periods (1,3,6,12,24, 48, and 72 hours) after venom injection for determination of the levels of plasma cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α by Ray Biotech specific ELISA kits for rats. Results: IL-1a, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased in 3 hours after envenomation in both groups (V and AV), but the intensity of increase in AV group was less than the other group, i.e. moderate elevation of cytokines occurred after treatment with polyvalent antivenom. At next time points, gradually decreasing amounts of cytokines were seen. Conclusions: Our data suggest that using polyvalent antivenom in short time after envenomation could reduce the inflammatory responses related to the systemic changes during the elevation of cytokines in scorpion envenomation.

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“…Many studies showed similar results in pulmonary tissues [14][15][16], [53,54]. It was highlighted that scorpion envenomation is followed by an imbalance of pro-and anti-inflammatory response [55] and scorpion venom is able to affect parameters for pulmonary mechanisms [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effectiveness of the Androctonus Australis Hector Nanobody Nbf12-10 Antivenom to Neutralize Significantly the Toxic Effect and Tissue Damage Provoked by Fraction of Androctonus mauretanicus (Morocco) Scorpion Venom

R¹

2015

Biochem Pharmacol (Los Angel)

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Scorpion stings are life threatening in large parts of the world. Toxins from scorpion venom are responsible for severe metabolic and tissue disruption and immunotherapy is the only specific treatment able to neutralize the toxic effects of scorpion venom. The Androctonus mauretanicus (Am) is the most dangerous scorpion in Morocco, whereas in Tunisia Androctonus australis hector (Aah) is causing most casualties. In this work, we investigated the potential of NbF12-10, a new immunotherapeutic concept based on anti-toxin Nanobodies (Nbs) to neutralize Am scorpion venom. We first explored the immune cross-reactivity between Am and Aah scorpions venoms using anti-AahI and anti-AahII polyclonal, NbAahI'F12 (anti-AahI'), monospecific NbAahII10 (anti-AahII) monospecific and bispecific NbF12-10 (anti-AahI'/antiAahII) monoclonal antibodies and subsequently we study the histological damages observed after envenomation with the F3 toxic fraction of Am scorpion venom by intra-cerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection and the capacity of NbF12-10 to reduce tissue damage induced by F3 fraction after i.c.v administration of F3:NbF12-10 mixture, in mice. Results showed significant para-specific activity of anti-Aah polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies towards Am venom fractions. Histological investigations revealed severe tissue damage in brain, lung and liver after i.c.v. administration of F3 fraction. The NbF12-10 pre-mixed with F3 fraction showed an efficient neutralizing capacity against lethal effect of this toxic fraction. Moreover, in vitro pre-incubation of F3 with NbF12-10 at 8-fold molar excess led to significantly reduced tissue damage. Further, NbF12-10 displays a noteworthy potential to neutralize Am toxins and to rescue 50% of envenomed mice from dying. This study provides first evidence that NbF12-10 nano-therapeutic has promising prospective to treat scorpion envenoming in the Maghreb area.

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Histophatological changes and inflammatory response induced by Tityus discrepans scorpion venom in rams

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

Cardiopulmonary complications induced by Iranian Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in anesthetized rabbits

Cardiopulmonary complications induced by Iranian Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in anesthetized rabbits

Evaluation of Plasma Cytokine Levels in Mesobuthus Eupeus (Scorpionida: Buthidae) Scorpion Envenomation in Rats Treated with Polyvalent Antivenom

Effectiveness of the Androctonus Australis Hector Nanobody Nbf12-10 Antivenom to Neutralize Significantly the Toxic Effect and Tissue Damage Provoked by Fraction of Androctonus mauretanicus (Morocco) Scorpion Venom

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