Histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent host: a rare case report

Kriplani, Dipsha; Kante, Katha A; Maniar, Janak K.; Khubchandani, Shaila

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170681

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is mostly seen in patients with a CD4 T-cell count of less than 150 cells per microliter. Although disseminated histoplasmosis can be reported in immunocompetent patients, it is an AIDS-defining infection, 32 with a high mortality and morbidity in HIV-positive patients. 33 , 34 Any body organ can be affected, but it is mostly seen in the lung, liver, spleen, brain and adrenals.…”

Section: Histoplasmosis and Hiv In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmosis overlapping with HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and research priorities

Kuate

Ekeng

Kwizera

et al. 2021

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Histoplasmosis, tuberculosis and HIV are all highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Co-occurrence of two or more of these infections has been reported in several populations of patients, especially those with advanced HIV infection where these opportunistic infections contribute to a significant morbidity and mortality. With a high burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) secondary to HIV in SSA, histoplasmosis is commonly misdiagnosed as smear-negative PTB in HIV patients due to similar clinical and radiological presentations. This is also partly the result of the lack of trained clinical and laboratory personnel to make a definite diagnosis of histoplasmosis. There is a low index of clinical suspicion for histoplasmosis, and cases are mostly discovered accidently and documented through case reports and case series. Similarly, the high cost and lack of fungal diagnostics in most SSA countries makes it difficult to make a diagnosis. There is a need to build local capacity for mycology so that patients are managed to improve on the index of clinical suspicion and diagnostic capabilities. Moreover, simple accurate point-of-care diagnostic tests and first-line antifungal treatment for histoplasmosis are not available in many SSA countries. This review describes the existence of co-infections of histoplasmosis, tuberculosis and HIV in SSA, highlighting the challenges and research priorities.

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Section: Histoplasmosis and Hiv In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmosis overlapping with HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and research priorities

Kuate

Ekeng

Kwizera

et al. 2021

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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“…The mode of infection is by inhalation of the mold microconidia which reach the alveolar spaces. They are phagocytosed by the macrophages where they transform to budding yeasts, multiply and reach the draining lymph nodes from where they spread throughout the reticulo-endothelial system [5] . Soil is the natural environment of H capsulatum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal histoplasmosis mimicking glottic cancer in an immunocompetent host

Sharma¹,

Singh²,

Sharma³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Clin. Diagn. Pathol.

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We report an interesting case of laryngeal histoplasmosis which clinically mimicked a malignant glottic growth and is unusual in that it involved an immunocompetent host. Also, an isolated laryngeal involvement is very rare. A 63 year old farmer presented with complaints of hoarseness of voice. Indirect layngoscopy revealed a friable growth in the middle of the right vocal cord. Histopathological examination of biopsy taken from the growth showed presence of numerous tiny intracellular organisms within collections of macrophages and epithelioid cells. Confirmation was done with periodic acid Schiff and Gomori's methanamine silver stain. The patient was administered amphotericin B 1 mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks followed by itraconazole 200 mg, twice a day for 8 weeks and discharged on oral itraconazole. A dramatic improvement in voice quality was seen in follow-up after two months. Repeat endoscopy showed regression of growth. The otolaryngologist should be aware of the existence of laryngeal histoplasmosis and consider it as one of the differential diagnosis when a patient shows signs of granulomatous inflammation or laryngeal masses, to perform specific diagnostic tests for fungi and provide optimal and timely treatment, avoiding unnecessary aggressive interventions.

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“…The regions along the Ganga river basins such as West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh in India were considered as endemic pockets of histoplasmosis [6,82,83]. Histoplasmosis cases also existed from other areas in India, which included Delhi, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Haryana [6,[84][85][86][87]. The sole evidence of environmental source of Histoplasma in India was the isolation of this organism from the soil from building related to bat habitats near Calcutta, part of Ganga river basins [83].…”

Section: Indian Subcontinentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Review of Histoplasmosis Endemicity and Current Status in Asia

Rozaliyani¹,

Setianingrum²

2020

Histoplasma and Histoplasmosis

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Histoplasmosis is a common disease among immunocompromised patients and a notable endemic disease among immunocompetent patients. Disseminated histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients is mostly lethal. We conducted a literature review of histoplasmosis and histoplasmin skin test in Asia. There were around 1692 cases of histoplasmosis reported from Asian countries. India (623 cases), China (611 cases) and Thailand (234 cases) are detected as endemic areas of histoplasmosis although the complete mapping of this disease is still missing in some Asian countries. However, definite diagnosis is difficult since the symptoms frequently mimicking tuberculosis (TB), tissue samples are rarely obtained, and lacked of serology tests in Asian countries.

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Histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent host: a rare case report

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Histoplasmosis overlapping with HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and research priorities

Histoplasmosis overlapping with HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and research priorities

Laryngeal histoplasmosis mimicking glottic cancer in an immunocompetent host

The Review of Histoplasmosis Endemicity and Current Status in Asia

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