Historical

Dennison, John; Oxnard, Charles; Obendorf, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0281-7_3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Nevertheless, these ideas also met strong opposition from highly influential scientists such as Virchow, who favored the then popular ‘miasm’ hypothesis to explain goitrogenesis and the development of ‘cretinism’. In his view, not iodine deficiency, as proposed in Switzerland and France, but ‘bad odors’, poor nutrition, housing, social status and related adverse environmental factors caused ‘cretinism’ [ 25 ]. Obviously, these factors will contribute to this multifactorial process, but will have a marginal role provided that iodine supply is adequate.…”

Section: Thyroid Function and Iodine Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

Köhrle

2023

IJMS

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The adequate availability and metabolism of three essential trace elements, iodine, selenium and iron, provide the basic requirements for the function and action of the thyroid hormone system in humans, vertebrate animals and their evolutionary precursors. Selenocysteine-containing proteins convey both cellular protection along with H2O2-dependent biosynthesis and the deiodinase-mediated (in-)activation of thyroid hormones, which is critical for their receptor-mediated mechanism of cellular action. Disbalances between the thyroidal content of these elements challenge the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid periphery axis, causing or facilitating common diseases related to disturbed thyroid hormone status such as autoimmune thyroid disease and metabolic disorders. Iodide is accumulated by the sodium-iodide-symporter NIS, and oxidized and incorporated into thyroglobulin by the hemoprotein thyroperoxidase, which requires local H2O2 as cofactor. The latter is generated by the dual oxidase system organized as ‘thyroxisome’ at the surface of the apical membrane facing the colloidal lumen of the thyroid follicles. Various selenoproteins expressed in thyrocytes defend the follicular structure and function against life-long exposure to H2O2 and reactive oxygen species derived therefrom. The pituitary hormone thyrotropin (TSH) stimulates all processes required for thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion and regulates thyrocyte growth, differentiation and function. Worldwide deficiencies of nutritional iodine, selenium and iron supply and the resulting endemic diseases are preventable with educational, societal and political measures.

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Section: Thyroid Function and Iodine Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

Köhrle

2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Historical

Cited by 1 publication

References 2 publications

Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

Selenium, Iodine and Iron–Essential Trace Elements for Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism

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