Historical and modern distribution and abundance of the New Zealand sea lion<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>

Childerhouse, Simon; Gales, Nick

doi:10.1080/03014223.1998.9518131

Cited by 79 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Alternatively, the archaeological record shows a marked lack of coastal South Island village sites from the early sixteenth century, in the period following the extinction of big game, suggesting a local temporary reduction of the human population (Anderson & Smith 1996). Environmental changes such as the severe decline in populations of sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri), known predators of penguins, might also have facilitated M. antipodes colonizing the South Island (Childerhouse & Gales 1998;Lalas et al 2007). We suggest that a similar extinction-colonization process such as that observed in Megadyptes might also explain the previously reported arrival of an Australian Eudyptula minor lineage in southern New Zealand (Banks et al 2002;Overeem et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand

et al. 2008

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Recent human expansion into the Pacific initiated a dramatic avian extinction crisis, and surviving taxa are typically interpreted as declining remnants of previously abundant populations. As a case in point, New Zealand's endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) is widely considered to have been more abundant and widespread in the past. By contrast, our genetic and morphological analyses of prehistoric, historic and modern penguin samples reveal that this species expanded its range to the New Zealand mainland only in the last few hundred years. This range expansion was apparently facilitated by the extinction of M. antipodes' previously unrecognized sister species following Polynesian settlement in New Zealand. Based on combined genetic and morphological data, we describe this new penguin species, the first known to have suffered human-mediated extinction. The range expansion of M. antipodes so soon after the extinction of its sister species supports a historic paradigmatic shift in New Zealand Polynesian culture. Additionally, such a dynamic biological response to human predation reveals a surprising and less recognized potential for species to have benefited from the extinction of their ecologically similar sister taxa and highlights the complexity of large-scale extinction events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand

et al. 2008

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“…The only other significant breeding population is on Campbell Island (Gales 1995). Occasional births have been recorded at the Snares (Crawley & Cameron 1972), Stewart Island (Childerhouse & Gales 1998) and Otago Peninsula (McConkey 1997;Heinrich 1998). There are regular haul-out sites on the Snares (Crawley & Cameron 1972), Stewart Island (Wilson 1979), South Otago (McConkey 1997;Heinrich 1998), Otago Peninsula (McConkey 1997 and to a lesser extent Macquarie Island (Gales 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and breeding of New Zealand sea lionsPhocarctos hookeri onCampbell Island

McNally¹,

Heinrich²,

Childerhouse³

2001

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Campbell Island is the only major breeding site for the New Zealand sea lion Phocarctos hookeri outside the Auckland Islands. Minimum pup production was estimated at 78 for the 1997/98 breeding season, compared with the only previous estimate of 122 from 1991/92, and represents less than 5% of the total pup production for the species. Sea lions at Campbell Island have a widespread distribution, clumped at the coast and scattered inland. Local concentrations of sea lions were seen at Davis Point, Sandy Bay and both Northeast and Southeast Harbours. Isolated individuals were found up to 1.5 km inland and at altitudes up to 250 m. Breeding females at Campbell Island are generally solitary and give birth inland, in contrast to the highly gregarious colonies seen on the coasts of the Auckland Islands. In some years a small breeding colony forms on the coast, often at Davis point, but its location is variable. Overall, the present distribution and abundance of sea lions on Campbell Island does not appear to differ considerably from previous reports stretching back as far as the 1950s. Line transects proved inappropriate for estimating sea lion density, due to a low encounter rate and poor visibility in dense vegetation. Future work could include surveys for pups, which aggregate on the coast during March or April.

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“…The New Zealand sea lion Phocarctos hookeri is endemic to New Zealand, and once bred from the northernmost cape of the North Island to the subAntarctic islands (Childerhouse & Gales 1998; Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging behaviour indicates marginal marine habitat for New Zealand sea lions: remnant versus recolonising populations

Augé¹,

Chilvers²,

Moore³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The New Zealand sea lion Phocarctos hookeri historically bred on the New Zealand mainland (South and North Islands). Subsistence hunting and later commercial sealing reduced its distribution to 3 breeding areas at the spatial edges of its historical distribution range, in the Auckland Islands (AI) and on Campbell Island. Here, we present foraging areas and foraging trips of female New Zealand sea lions from the Otago Peninsula, where a recolonising population has been found in the core of the historical range of the species. We compare the results with data from the AI in order to assess the theory that the spatial margin of a species' distribution represents the lower end of habitat suitability. Female New Zealand sea lions at Otago had significantly smaller foraging ranges than females at the AI (mean 65% Kernel ranges: 47 ± 25 km 2 versus 687 ± 109 km 2 ), made shorter foraging trips (mean 11.8 ± 2.3 h versus 66.2 ± 4.2 h), and spent 40% less time at sea overall. Juvenile females at Otago from age 2 onwards could access foraging grounds used by adult females nursing pups; this is unlikely to be the case at the AI due to the large distances and associated depths of foraging grounds. Our study illustrates the theory that spatial marginality is related to habitat marginality. Existing management measures to mitigate the impact of bycatch in fisheries on declining remnant colonies around the AI were modelled based on populations exploiting optimal habitat. They should now integrate this new information.

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Historical and modern distribution and abundance of the New Zealand sea lionPhocarctos hookeri

Cited by 79 publications

References 17 publications

Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand

Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand

Distribution and breeding of New Zealand sea lionsPhocarctos hookeri onCampbell Island

Foraging behaviour indicates marginal marine habitat for New Zealand sea lions: remnant versus recolonising populations

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