Historical and social–cultural processes as drivers for genetic structure in Nordic domestic reindeer

Røed, Knut; Kvie, Kjersti S.; Bårdsen, Bård‐Jørgen; Laaksonen, Sauli; Lohi, Hannes; Kumpula, Jouko; Aronsson, Kjell‐Åke; Åhman, Birgitta; Våge, Jørn; Holand, Øystein

doi:10.1002/ece3.7728

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The absence of the characteristic cluster II haplotypes in ancient reindeer from both Medieval and earlier sites in southern and northern Norway (Røed et al 2011; suggests colonization of these haplotypes from the east. This is also in accordance with the decreasing gradient for this lineage from east to west among the modern semi-domesticated reindeer population in the Nordic countries (Røed et al 2021). Probable refuge areas for these ancestral wild populations could have been in the current taiga areas in Fennoscandia or western Russia.…”

Section: Possible Eastern Influence On the Early History Of Reindeer ...supporting

confidence: 82%

“…The cluster II lineage then migrated northwards as the ice retreated. Among Nordic semi-domesticated reindeer, cluster II haplotypes consisted of one haplotype at high frequency, with all other haplotypes radiating from this by one or two mutations, a pattern suggesting a sudden population expansion 2500-6000 years ago (Røed et al 2021). This is well before the rapid growth associated with the pastoral transition and points towards the possibility of the modern semi-domesticated reindeer originating from one or a few rapidly growing wild populations.…”

Section: Possible Eastern Influence On the Early History Of Reindeer ...mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…To better understand both ancient and more recent processes that affect the genetic structure and variation in the Nordic semi-domesticated reindeer, Røed et al (2021) analysed variation in both the control region of mtDNA and in 18 DNA microsatellites in reindeer from 31 reindeer herding districts in Norway, Sweden and Finland (Figure 2.2). Microsatellites are highly variable nuclear markers, inherited by both males and females, and are thus particularly appropriate to reveal demographic processes related to both sexes.…”

Section: Genetic Structure Of Nordic Semi-domesticated Reindeermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather than following the national borders, the genetic resources of reindeer in Norway and Sweden separated into southern and northern clusters, reflecting social-ecological processes across the countries. Possible relationships between the three-part genetic structure of the semi-domesticated reindeer in the Nordic countries and different social-cultural factors have been examined by Røed et al (2021). Besides the national and ethnic contrasts, there is social-cultural variation within Sámi society as represented by the many Sámi languages (Sammalahti 1998).…”

Section: Social-ecological Drivers Of Genetic Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change

Horstkotte¹,

Holand²,

Kumpula³

et al. 2022

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This volume offers a holistic understanding of the environmental and societal challenges that affect reindeer husbandry in Fennoscandia today.Reindeer husbandry is a livelihood with a long traditional heritage and cultural importance. Like many other pastoral societies, reindeer herders are confronted with significant challenges. Covering Norway, Sweden and Finland -three countries with many differences and similarities -this volume examines how reindeer husbandry is affected by and responds to global environmental change and resource extraction in boreal and arctic social-ecological systems. Beginning with an historical overview of reindeer husbandry, the volume analyses the realities of the present from different perspectives and disciplines. Genetics, behavioural ecology of reindeer, other forms of land use, pastoralists' norms and knowledge, bio-economy and governance structures all set the stage for the complex internal and externally imposed dynamics within reindeer husbandry. In-depth analyses are devoted to particularly urgent challenges, such as land-use conflicts, climate change and predation, identified as having a high potential to shape the future pathways of the pastoral identity and productivity. These futures, with their risks and opportunities, are explored in the final section, offering a synthesis of the comparative approach between the three countries that runs as a recurring theme through the book. With its richness and depth, this volume contributes significantly to the understanding of the substantial impacts on pastoralist communities in northernmost Europe today, while highlighting viable pathways to maintaining reindeer husbandry for the future. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of both the natural and social sciences who work on natural resource management, global environmental change, pastoralism, ecology, social-ecological systems, rangeland management and Indigenous studies.

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Section: Possible Eastern Influence On the Early History Of Reindeer ...supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Possible Eastern Influence On the Early History Of Reindeer ...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Genetic Structure Of Nordic Semi-domesticated Reindeermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social-ecological Drivers Of Genetic Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change

Horstkotte¹,

Holand²,

Kumpula³

et al. 2022

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“…Both extant reindeer in Russia and tundra caribou in North America are typical representatives of a lineage evolved in a refugium ranging across vast areas in Northeastern Eurasia and extending into North America across Beringia (Flagstad & Røed, 2003; Yannic et al., 2014). The Norwegian reindeer, on the other hand, appears to have an origin mainly influenced by a refugial population isolated from the Euro‐Beringia lineage possibly located more toward south (Flagstad & Røed, 2003; Røed et al., 2021). Overall, the PRNP variation aligns well with the general genetic structure for the Norwegian cervid species, similar to reports from other studies of PRNP variation in Cervidae (Arifin et al., 2020; Cheng et al., 2017; Lang & Blanchong, 2012; Miller & Walter, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic wasting disease in Norway—A survey of prion protein gene variation among cervids

Våge

Tharaldsen

Kvie

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Susceptibility of cervids to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), a prion disease, can be modulated by variations in the prion protein gene (PRNP), encoding the cellular prion protein (PrPC). In prion diseases, PrPC is conformationally converted to pathogenic conformers (PrPSc), aggregates of which comprise infectious prions. CWD has recently been observed in its contagious form in Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and in novel, potentially sporadic forms, here called ‘atypical CWD’, in moose (Alces alces) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). To estimate relative susceptibility of different Norwegian cervid species to CWD, their non‐synonymous PRNP variants were analyzed. In reindeer, seven PRNP alleles were observed and in red deer and moose two alleles were present, whereas roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) PRNP was monomorphic. One ‘archetypal’ PRNP allele associated with susceptibility was common to all four cervid species. The distribution of PRNP alleles differed between wild and semi‐domesticated reindeer, with alleles associated with a high susceptibility occurring, on average, above 55% in wild reindeer and below 20% in semi‐domesticated reindeer. This difference may reflect the diverse origins of the populations and/or selection processes during domestication and breeding. Overall, PRNP genetic data indicate considerable susceptibility to CWD among Norwegian cervids and suggest that PRNP homozygosity may be a risk factor for the atypical CWD observed in moose. The CWD isolates found in the Norwegian cervid species differ from those previously found in Canada and USA. Our study provides an overview of the PRNP genetics in populations exposed to these emerging strains that will provide a basis for understanding these strains’ dynamics in relation to PRNP variability.

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Pure wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) or hybrids? A whole-genome sequencing approach to solve the taxonomical status

Weldenegodguad,

Niemi,

Mykrä-Pohja

et al. 2024

Conservation Genet Resour

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In Finland, the geographic distribution of domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and Finnish wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) partly overlap in the vicinity of the southern border of the reindeer herding area. Additionally, domestic reindeer are occasionally kept as pets within the distribution range of the wild forest reindeer. Hybridisation of these two subspecies is one of the major threats for the wild forest reindeer population. Concerns about potential hybridisation served as the catalyst also for this study, which we aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of presumed wild forest reindeer individuals intended as founder individuals for a reintroduction project. To do this, we resequenced genomes of four Rangifer tarandus individuals with unknown taxonomical status and investigated their ancestries by comparing the genomic data with the existing resequenced data of the Finnish domestic reindeer and Finnish wild forest reindeer. The genetic relationship investigations indicated that all individuals we analysed were pure wild forest reindeer, making them suitable as founder individuals for the reintroduction project. Thus, our study provided critical knowledge for practical conservation action, where it was essential to recognise each individual’s origin. In the future, it will also offer novel insights into the spread of native wild forest reindeer to new geographic regions in Finland. For subsequent studies, additional resequenced genomic data of Rangifer individuals will be needed to develop an ancestry information marker panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms for rapid and cost-effective identification of hybrid individuals of these subspecies.

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Historical and social–cultural processes as drivers for genetic structure in Nordic domestic reindeer

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change

Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change

Chronic wasting disease in Norway—A survey of prion protein gene variation among cervids

Pure wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) or hybrids? A whole-genome sequencing approach to solve the taxonomical status

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