Historical Antisemitism, Ethnic Specialization, and Financial Development

D’Acunto, Francesco; Prokopczuk, Marcel; Weber, Michael

doi:10.1093/restud/rdy021

Cited by 103 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Diversity can also be structured as ‘cultural clusters’ by ethnicity, class, wealth, occupation, political alignment, religion or incidental geographical layout [ 52 ]. Cultural clusters may intersect, such as in ethnic occupation specialization [ 53 ]. Finally, cultural trait diversity may also exist within certain individuals—multicultural individuals, ‘third culture kids’, interdisciplinary researchers and so on [ 54 – 58 ].…”

Section: Trade-offs In the Collective Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradox of diversity in the collective brain

Schimmelpfennig

Razek

Schnell

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Human societies are collective brains. People within every society have cultural brains—brains that have evolved to selectively seek out adaptive knowledge and socially transmit solutions. Innovations emerge at a population level through the transmission of serendipitous mistakes, incremental improvements and novel recombinations. The rate of innovation through these mechanisms is a function of (1) a society's size and interconnectedness (sociality), which affects the number of models available for learning; (2) fidelity of information transmission, which affects how much information is lost during social learning; and (3) cultural trait diversity, which affects the range of possible solutions available for recombination. In general, and perhaps surprisingly, all three levers can increase and harm innovation by creating challenges around coordination, conformity and communication. Here, we focus on the ‘paradox of diversity’—that cultural trait diversity offers the largest potential for empowering innovation, but also poses difficult challenges at both an organizational and societal level. We introduce ‘cultural evolvability’ as a framework for tackling these challenges, with implications for entrepreneurship, polarization and a nuanced understanding of the effects of diversity. This framework can guide researchers and practitioners in how to reap the benefits of diversity by reducing costs. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The emergence of collective knowledge and cumulative culture in animals, humans and machines’.

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Section: Trade-offs In the Collective Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradox of diversity in the collective brain

Schimmelpfennig

Razek

Schnell

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…where y ij indicates entrepreneurship for individual i living in prefecture j (Yes = 1); Keju j indicates the Keju tradition in prefecture j, measured by the (logged) density of Jinshi during the Ming-Qing period; X ij indicates individual-level controls (age, gender, ethnic group, education level, health status, marital status and registration status); X j indicates prefecture-level controls (night-time light luminosity, distance to coast and terrain ruggedness nowadays; and population density, urbanization rates, agricultural suitability and the number of Confucian academies during the Ming-Qing period); and ij is the error term clustered at the prefecture level (Chen et al, 2020;D'Acunto et al, 2019;Voigtlander & Voth, 2012). 7 (1) 7 We do not control for the regional fixed effects.…”

Section: Empirical Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholars have argued that historical institutions and cultural tradition are crucial in explaining contemporary economic behaviour (Chen et al, 2020;D'Acunto et al, 2019;Giuliano & Nunn, 2020;Grosjean & Khattar, 2019). For instance, Grosjean and Khattar (2019) point out that people in regions with historically male-biased sex ratios still take more negative attitude towards working women today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the long‐term effects ofKeju: The case of entrepreneurship in China

Wang

2022

Econ of Transit and Inst Chang

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We show that contemporary differences in entrepreneurship within China can be traced back to Keju, a civil service examination system for selecting state bureaucracy in the age of monarchy. Combining current individual-level survey data with historical prefecturelevel data on the density of Jinshi (the highest qualification in Keju) during the Ming-Qing period, we find that individuals in prefectures with high Jinshi density exhibit a lower probability of participation in entrepreneurial activities today. Evidence from a range of identification methods suggests that the relationship is robust and causal. We also argue that the Keju tradition could influence entrepreneurship through its effect on individuals' propensity to work for the state and risk aversion. Finally, we show that persistence is lower in prefectures with higher political violence during the Cultural Revolution and economic openness presently.

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“…Bisin and Zanella [51] adopted a concept of cultural spillovers to explain immigration deterrents of individuals belonging to different ethnic groups. Ethnicity (and religion) was also at the base of D'Acunto et al's [52] cultural spillovers that explain the long-term relationship between antisemitism and demand for finance.…”

Section: Cultural and Creative Spilloversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking the Creative Economy with Universities’ Entrepreneurship: A Spillover Approach

Lazzaro

2021

Sustainability

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In recent years the importance of the creative economy has also characterised the international higher-education sector through specialised education, research and entrepreneurship. In this paper I apply and discuss the concept of spillovers as a relevant theoretical framework to understand and foster the value generated by university programs in the creative economy. After introducing the main concepts of spillovers in relation to innovation and growth, I discuss the recent developments in the research on spillovers applied to the arts, culture, and creativity. Through a contextualised model of academic creative economy, the analysis is combined with that on knowledge spillovers in higher education and universities’ third mission, to fill a research gap that still exists in creative economy programs and their potential to generate creative spillovers. The study further integrates some more recent literature on university spillovers, which can provide useful methodological suggestions especially oriented toward internalising and enabling positive creative spillovers, in particular in an urban context.

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Historical Antisemitism, Ethnic Specialization, and Financial Development

Cited by 103 publications

References 59 publications

Paradox of diversity in the collective brain

Paradox of diversity in the collective brain

Understanding the long‐term effects ofKeju: The case of entrepreneurship in China

Linking the Creative Economy with Universities’ Entrepreneurship: A Spillover Approach

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