Historical Aspects of Transcatheter Treatment of Heart Disease in Children

Abstract

The very first transcatheter intervention to treat congenital cardiac defects was reported by Rubio-Alvarez et al. [1] in 1953, when they performed pulmonary valvotomy using a modified ureteral catheter. A decade later Dotter, Rashkind, Porstmann and their associates described progressive dilatation of peripheral arterial stenotic lesions, balloon atrial septostomy and transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus, respectively. The purpose of this review is to present these and other historical developments of catheter-based interventions in the treatment of heart disease in children. Historical aspects of 1. balloon angioplasty/valvuloplasty of valvar pulmonary stenosis, valvar aortic stenosis, fixed subaortic stenosis, native aortic coarctation, postsurgical aortic recoarctation, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, mitral stenosis, cyanotic heart defects with pulmonary oligemia, stenotic bioprosthetic valves, congenital tricuspid and mitral stenosis, truncal valve stenosis, subvalvar pulmonary stenosis, supravalvar pulmonary stenosis (congenital membranous or postoperative), stenosis of the aorta (Leriche syndrome, atherosclerotic and Takayasu's arteritis), baffle obstruction following Mustard or Senning procedure (both systemic and pulmonary venous obstructions), superior and inferior vena caval obstructions, pulmonary vein stenosis, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, vertical vein stenosis in total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, pulmonary venous obstruction following repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous obstruction, specially designed pulmonary artery bands, cor triatriatum, cor triatriatum dexter, and coronary artery stenotic lesions that develop after Kawasaki disease; 2. stents to enlarge stenotic lesions of branch pulmonary arteries, systemic veins, systemic and pulmonary venous pathways after Mustard procedure, aorta, right ventricular outflow conduits, pulmonary veins and native right ventricular outflow tract or to keep the ductus arteriosus open in patients with pulmonary atresia and hypoplastic left heart syndrome and maintaining patency of stenosed aorto-pulmonary collateral vessels, surgically created but obstructed shunts or acutely thrombosed shunts as well as covered stents; 3. transcatheter occlusion of cardiac defects comprising of atrial septal defect, patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect and aortopulmonary window and 4. catheter-based atrial septostomy such as Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy, Park's blade atrial septostomy, balloon angioplasty of the atrial septum, trans-septal puncture and atrial septal stents were presented.

Evolution of Pediatric Cardiology over the Last 50 Years (Trends in Transcatheter Interventions for Pediatric Heart Disease - Part I)

“…Nearly a decade later Dotter [4], Rashkind [5], Porstmann [6], and their colleagues described progressive dilatation of peripheral arterial stenotic lesions, balloon atrial septostomy, and percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), respectively. This and other reviews [7][8][9] were intended to present historical developments of catheter-based procedures in the treatment of heart disease in children. Historical aspects of 1) Balloon angioplasty/valvuloplasty of valvar pulmonary stenosis, valvar aortic stenosis, fixed subaortic stenosis, native aortic coarctation, postsurgical aortic recoarctation, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, Percutaneous replacement of the mitral valve * For a more detailed discussion, the reader is referred to Chapter 9 on "The historical aspects of trans-catheter intervention of reference [1].…”

“…At first, the pathologic features of pulmonary stenosis were reviewed. This is followed by presentation of historical aspects [7][8][9], indications [10] and the proce-diate post-valvuloplasty gradient ≥ 30 mmHg [21]. Repeat BPV for relief of restenosis is feasible and effective [22].…”

“…Initially the pathologic and pathophysiologic features of aortic stenosis were reviewed. This is followed by discussion of historical aspects [7][8][9], indications [56][57][58], and procedure of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) [58,59]. Then a presentation of immediate [56], intermediate-term [57][58][59] and long-term [60] follow-up results (Figure 6) was made which show good results with low residual gradients across the aortic valve and event-free rates of 80%, 76%, 76% and 60% at 1-, 2-, 5-and 10-year follow-up, respectively following BAV.…”

Management of Congenital Heart Disease: State of the Art; Part I—ACYANOTIC Heart Defects

“…Trans-Catheter Occlusion. Since the description of device occlusion of PDAs by Porstman [105], Rashkind [106], and their colleagues in the 1960s and 1970s, a number of devices have been designed and experimented, as reviewed elsewhere [107,108,109]. However, only a few devices are approved by the United States FDA and these include the Gianturco coil (free and detachable), Gianturco-Grifka vascular occlusion device (GGVOD) (Cook, Bloomington, IN, USA), Amplatzer duct occlude (ADO) (St. Jude Medical, Inc., Golden Valley, MN, USA), and more recently ADO II and Nit-Occlud.…”

Transcatheter closure of tubular type patent ductus arteriosus using Amplatzer® ductal occluder II: a case report

“…Nevertheless, the tubular shape (type C) PDA, which has the highest residual shunt rate, still poses a great challenge for the interventionist. [8][9][10] The second generation of Amplatzer ® device occluders (ADO II), released in 2007, has been suggested to be effective in closing tubular PDAs. 10 The purpose of this study was to report the initial clinical experience using ADO II to close a tubular type PDA in Indonesia.…”