Historical Background of the Invention of EIA and ELISA

Avraméas, Stratis

doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.069724

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is widely accepted and most reliable assay for detection of antibody mediated immune responses [8]. ELISA was developed for the determination of IgG with the help of immunoadsorbant and enzymelabeled antigens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of ketoprofen on immune cells in mice

Hamdani¹,

Javeed²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2014

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ELISA was developed for the determination of IgG with the help of immunoadsorbant and enzyme labeled antigens. It has an advantage way of running a large number of samples together and also to observe the antigen antibody response [8]. ELISA is routinely used to detect the effects of various drugs on the immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ketoprofen on immune cells in mice

Hamdani¹,

Javeed²,

Ashraf³

et al. 2014

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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“…This achievement then, paved the way for the development of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 1 This method replaced the radio-immunoassay (RIA) and thus, eliminated the exposure to radioactivity of employees working in research and diagnostic laboratories. Stratis, using the ELISA method, examined sera from healthy volunteers and demonstrated that these sera contained multitude of antibodies which recognised antigens of the human body (self-antigens autoantigens) and non-self antigens, namely, the gut microbiota.…”

Section: In Memoriammentioning

confidence: 99%

Obituary for Efstratios (Stratis) Avrameas

Moutsopoulos¹

2022

MJR

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“…Natural antibodies are polyreactive and have a low affinity binding with various antigens . In human and mice, NAb are produced by CD5 + B-1 cells, and mainly consist of immunoglobulin M (IgM), and to a lesser extent immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) (Kohler et al, 2003, Avrameas, 2006. Natural antibodies act as a first line of defense against infection through neutralization, complement system activation and pathogen elimination .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of dry period length and dietary energy source on physiological health variables in dairy cows and calves

Mayasari¹

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During the transition period, dairy cows experience a negative energy balance (NEB) caused by the high energy requirement for milk yield, while feed intake is limited. Severity of the NEB has been associated with an increased incidence of metabolic disorders and infectious diseases, inflammation, immunosuppression and oxidative stress. It is known that shortening or omitting the dry period or feeding a glucogenic ration improves the energy balance (EB) in dairy cows in early lactation. It can be expected that an improvement of the EB due to shortening or omitting the dry period results in reduced inflammation, immunosuppression and less oxidative stress in dairy cows in early lactation. The first objective of this thesis was to study the effects of dry period length and dietary energy source on immune competence, inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress in dairy cows over 2 subsequent lactations. The second objective was to study the consequences of maternal dry period length on colostrum immunoglobulin content and immune competence of calves in the first 12 weeks of life. In the current study, 167 cows were assigned to 3 dry period lengths (0, 30, or 60 d) and 2 early lactation rations (glucogenic or lipogenic). Cows were planned to have the same dry period length and ration over 2 subsequent lactations. Omitting the dry period reduced plasma bilirubin levels compared with a conventional dry period, which is line with the better EB in cows with a 0-d dry period. Effects of dry period length on inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress variables and natural antibodies (NAb) titers were, however, less consistent. Omitting the dry period increased not only negative acute phase proteins (APP) in plasma, but also positive APP, oxidative stress variables in plasma, and NAb in milk. Shortening the dry period to 30-d did not influence inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress compared with a conventional dry period of 60-d. Occurrence of clinical health problems did not differ between cows with different dry period lengths. In the current study, changes in positive APP and oxidative stress variables in plasma and NAb in milk could be explained by the occurrence of clinical health problems related to inflammation (clinical mastitis, fever, metritis and retained placenta), rather than a better EB due to a shorter or no dry period. Moreover, a higher titer of IgG binding lipopolysaccharide in plasma was associated with decreased odds of high somatic cell count and occurrence of clinical mastitis. In the first lactation after implementation of dry period length and dietary treatments, feeding a glucogenic ration in early lactation increased NAb titers in milk compared with a lipogenic ration, which could be explained partly by a better EB. In the second lactation after implementation of dry period length and dietary treatments, feeding a lipogenic ration in early lactation increased cholesterol levels in plasma compared with a glucogenic ration, which could be related to the high fat content in this ration. Cows with...

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Historical Background of the Invention of EIA and ELISA

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of ketoprofen on immune cells in mice

Effect of ketoprofen on immune cells in mice

Obituary for Efstratios (Stratis) Avrameas

Consequences of dry period length and dietary energy source on physiological health variables in dairy cows and calves

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