Historical demography of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Adriatic drainage including the putative S. letnica endemic to Lake Ohrid

Molecular and ecological features of the soft-muzzled trout Salmo obtusirostris (Heckel, 1852) in the Zeta River, Montenegro

“…Same authors in their research of Adriatic region softmuzzled trout also found similar overall heterozigozity (H o = 0.594) of Neretva River specimens like we did for Zeta River, while for other populations of S. obtusirostris (Vrljika and Jadro Rivers) the overall H o was significantly lower (0.167 and 0.285, respectively). For S. obtusirostris in river Žrnovnica, Snoj et al (2007) reported only expected heterozigosity, not the observed one, but even this value was much lower than one we found in the Zeta River population. Those low values of overall H o could be a consequence of relatively recent bottleneck event or, what is more likely, of geographical isolation followed by small numbered population and significant inbreeding, which we didn't detect for soft-muzzled trout in the Zeta River.…”

“…1): three sampling locations on Zeta River (Tunjevo, Slap Zete and Slapci) and one sampling location on Cijevna river (near the border with Albania). In total, samples were taken from 41 putative brown trout, 16 marble trout and 14 soft-muzzled trout (Table 1) of which 11 soft-muzzled, 7 marble and 18 brown trout are published here for the first time, whereas other data were already used in Sušnik et al (2007). On each locality all species we sampled were in sympatry, while on localities Slap Zete and Slapci putative brown and soft-muzzled trout were in syntopy, too.…”

“…With purpose to define relationships among softmuzzled and other two nominal trout species (putative brown and marble trout) in Montenegro, we used already published data of Sušnik et al (2007) together with new data of putative brown trout from the Zeta River, putative brown trout from the Cijevna River, as well as data for marble and soft-muzzle trout from Zeta and Cijevna rivers, respectively (n = 71). For an assessment of their interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances, we organized groups of individuals according to their taxonomy, as well as by dividing putative brown trout individuals in two groups (Zeta and Cijevna rivers), in order to detect intraspecific distances between them.…”

“…During 1990's, their population sizes dramatically decreased in the whole dispersal area and in few reports on monitoring of protected animal species in Montenegro it was reported that this species is the most probably extinct there (National Agency for Nature Protection of Montenegro, 2003Montenegro, , 2004Montenegro, and 2005. However, following the rumors that there is still soft-muzzled trout in the Zeta River, we managed to find one population at the locality Molecular and ecological features of soft-muzzled trout • 01 016 ) that was still the only one known and with the ultimately small number of specimens (Sušnik et al 2007).…”

High rate of calculation errors in mismatch distribution analysis results in numerous false inferences of biological importance

“…As the divergence rate is twice the substitution rate, the resulting estimation of the number of generations since population expansion will be half of the correct value, which would have a large effect on biological inferences. We observed such an error in our own work (Sušnik et al, 2007), as well as several other published studies and decided to evaluate the frequency and magnitude of such errors in the literature. Although we restrict our evaluation to the solving of the mismatch formula, the misuse or exchange of substitution and divergence rates will affect a large number of calculations concerning demographic inference.…”