Historical development of Antarctic tourism

Headland, R. K.

doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)90044-2

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…En la década de 1970 despegó como una modalidad turística con una demanda cada vez más fortalecida. De hecho, el año 1970 marca el arranque del "periodo moderno" del turismo antártico, ya que es entonces cuando se pone en funcionamiento la primera embarcación expresamente construida para las operaciones turísticas en un entorno polar, el Lindblad Explorer (Headland, 1994). Hasta entonces, los barcos utilizados no estuvieron diseñados de manera concreta para esos fines, siendo en algún caso cruceros convencionales y en otras ocasiones de tipo militar.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusión (I): Turismo De Cruceros Y De Naturalezaunclassified

“…Los de tipo geográfico cuentan con importantes contribuciones científicas, sobre todo de la península Antártica, por ser el lugar principal de visita a partir de los cruceros llegados desde Suramérica, y los bordes costeros, por presentar las condiciones climáticas más favorables durante el verano austral (Headland, 1994;Hernández, 2008;Edgell y Swanson, 2013). A veces se han abordado las cuestiones estratégicas y la problemática geopolítica en torno a las reivindicaciones territoriales de algunos Estados (Gran Bretaña, Francia, Nueva Zelanda, Australia, Noruega, Argentina y Chile), la presencia de las bases científicas como elemento esencial para el reconocimiento internacional y el ecoturismo como reflejo y expresión de los intereses privados y fuente de posibles rivalidades (Simon, 2006;Strobel y Tétart, 2007).…”

Section: Aproximación Conceptual Y Revisión De Enfoquesunclassified

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Turismo Antártico: Naturaleza y Ciencia en los confines del turismo contemporáneo

Abad¹,

Codina²

2015

An. Geogr. Univ. Complut.

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RESUMENDesde hace medio siglo el turismo antártico ha pasado de ser una actividad elitista a un sector económico que moviliza a un número creciente de viajeros. En la actualidad, la presencia humana en el continente antártico se caracteriza por su dicotomía; por un lado, los turistas de naturaleza y de crucero, que pueden o no tomar tierra al llegar a la Antártida; por otro, los turistas científicos que son los únicos que en algunos casos pueden mantener una presencia continuada durante todo el año. Estas dos opciones de turismo se relacionan y mantienen una presión sobre el medio ambiente que la legislación internacional trata de regular. En este trabajo, definimos a ambas dentro de su contexto geográfico y presentamos cómo han evolucionado en las últimas décadas.Palabras clave: Antártida, ecoturismo, turismo científico, bases científicas.Antarctic Tourism: Nature and Science in the limits of Contemporary Tourism ABSTRACT For half a century Antarctic tourism has turned from being an elitist activity to become an economic sector that attracts a growing number of travelers. At present, the current human presence on the Antarctic continent brings about a dichotomy; on the one hand, nature tourists cruises, which may or may not land in Antarctica; on the other hand, scientific missions (another example of tourists), that in many cases maintain a continuous presence throughout the year. These two groups are related in the sense that both inflect undoubted pressure on the environment that international law seeks to regulate. In this paper, we describe both in their geographical contexts and show how they have evolved over the past decades.

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Section: Resultados Y Discusión (I): Turismo De Cruceros Y De Naturalezaunclassified

Section: Aproximación Conceptual Y Revisión De Enfoquesunclassified

Turismo Antártico: Naturaleza y Ciencia en los confines del turismo contemporáneo

Abad¹,

Codina²

2015

An. Geogr. Univ. Complut.

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“…"Whether visits to wildlife colonies impose anything more than a minor or transitory impact, either by tourists or scientists, has yet to be quantified" (Splettstoesser, 2000:52). Indeed, Headland (1994) estimated that on the basis of "presence-days" less than 1% of human impacts can be attributed to tourists; scientists and government personnel account for almost all the impact. Today, given the large increases in tourist numbers, a re-calculation of this percentage is needed.…”

Section: Tourism Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The early steamship tours established the beginnings of tourism in the Arctic over 100 years before its first appearance in Antarctica. Antarctic tourism is generally considered to have begun in the 1950s, when more than 500 fare-paying passengers travelled from Chile and Argentina to the South Shetland Islands (Headland, 1994).…”

Section: Tourism Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Tourism Research in the Polar Regions

Stewart

Draper²,

Johnston³

2010

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Polar travel has grown dramatically in the last two decades and in recent years has become the focus of academic inquiry. Using a model initially developed for understanding the nature of culture, action, and knowledge in the development of human geography, we explore the nature, scale, and scope of research related to tourism in the Arctic and the Antarctic. We take a comparative approach to highlight the tourism issues that are largely similar in the two polar regions. Polar tourism research appears to cluster around four main areas: tourism patterns, tourism impacts, tourism policy and management, and tourism development. By assessing these emerging research clusters, we identify research gaps and potentially fruitful lines of inquiry.Key words: tourism, tourists, polar tourism research, Arctic, Antarctica, social science research RÉSUMÉ. Ces vingt dernières années, les voyages polaires ont beaucoup gagné en popularité, au point où une équipe de chercheurs s'est récemment penchée sur cette forme de tourisme. À l'aide d'un modèle qui servait, à l'origine, à comprendre la nature de la culture, de l'action et des connaissances du développement de la géographie humaine, on a exploré la nature, l'échelle et l'étendue des recherches effectuées en rapport avec le tourisme dans l'Arctique et dans l'Antarctique. Grâce à une démarche comparative, on a mis en évidence les enjeux touristiques qui se ressemblent beaucoup dans les deux régions polaires. La recherche sur le tourisme polaire semble se concentrer sur quatre grands aspects, soit les tendances en matière de tourisme, les incidences du tourisme, les politiques et la gestion du tourisme ainsi que le développement du tourisme. Grâce à l'évaluation de ces aspects de la recherche, on réussit à déterminer les écarts de recherche ainsi que les champs d'enquête qui pourraient éventuellement porter fruits.Mots clés: tourisme, touristes, recherche sur le tourisme polaire, Arctique, Antarctique, recherche en sciences sociales Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nicole Giguère.

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“…Headland (1994) traces the earliest voyages carrying passengers identified as 'tourists' to Campbell Island and the Auckland Islands (as well the Australian Macquarie Island) to the early 1880s, when ships were commissioned to search for castaways and check the status of provisions deposited on the Islands [15]. However, the modern era of commercial tourism did not start until the 1960s when the Islands witnessed infrequent visitation from commercial vessels, such as the Lindbald Explorer (Lindbald Travel) and World Discovery (Society Expeditions).…”

Section: Visitor Numbers and Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Forgotten Islands: Monitoring Tourist Numbers and Managing Tourism Impacts on New Zealand’s Subantarctic Islands

et al. 2017

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Situated to the south of New Zealand in the Southern Ocean are the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands, comprising the Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes, Snares and Bounty Islands. Sometimes referred to as the 'Forgotten Islands', these island groups are among the most remote and hostile within New Zealand waters. Yet, as they harbour some of the country's most unique biodiversity and contain some of the world's least modified landforms, they were recognized in 1998 with the designation of World Heritage Area status. It is not surprising therefore that the Islands have long appealed to visitors wishing to explore and understand the Islands' rich natural and cultural environments. Typically, fare-paying tourists arrive by sea in small-to medium-sized expedition-style cruise vessels, although in recent years, the number of small vessels, such as yachts and sail boats, has increased. The most recent Conservation Management Strategy (2016) proposes developing and implementing a visitor monitoring programme to determine the effects of visitors on the natural and cultural environment, as well as on the visitor experience itself. However, there is only piecemeal data published on visitor numbers (especially since the mid-1990s) upon which to base visitor monitoring, and there is only limited evidence regarding the range of possible impacts visitors may have, including direct and indirect impact on wildlife, soils, and vegetation. In order to address this gap in knowledge, this case study draws on stakeholder interviews (n = 4), and a range of secondary sources (including visitor statistics from the Department of Conservation, tour operators and other published works) to provide an overview and update on visitation to the Islands, including site-specific data, an assessment of tourist impacts, and how impacts are currently monitored and managed.

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Historical development of Antarctic tourism

Cited by 61 publications

References 3 publications

Turismo Antártico: Naturaleza y Ciencia en los confines del turismo contemporáneo

Turismo Antártico: Naturaleza y Ciencia en los confines del turismo contemporáneo

A Review of Tourism Research in the Polar Regions

The Forgotten Islands: Monitoring Tourist Numbers and Managing Tourism Impacts on New Zealand’s Subantarctic Islands

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