Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (<scp>HCV</scp>) in select countries – volume 2

Saraswat, Vivek A.; Norris, Suzanne; Knegt, Robert J. de; Ávila, Juan Francisco Sánchez; Sonderup, Mark; Zuckerman, Eli; Arkkila, Perttu; Stedman, Catherine; Acharya, Subrat Kumar; Aho, Inka; Anand, Anil C.; Andersson, Monique; Arendt, Vic; Baatarkhuu, Oidov; Barclay, Kieron J.; Ben‐Ari, Ziv; Bergin, Colm; Bessone, Fernando; Blach, Sarah; Блохина, Н. П.; Brunton, Cheryl; Choudhuri, Gourdas; Chulanov, Vladimir; Cisneros, Laura; Croes, Esther; Yagaanbuyant, Dahgwahdorj; Dalgård, Olav; Daruich, Jorge; Dashdorj, Naranjargal; Davaadorj, D.; Vree, M. de; Estes, Chris; Flisiak, Robert; Gadano, Adrián; Gane, Edward; Halota, Waldemar; Hatzakis, Angelos; Henderson, C. R.; Hoffmann, Patrick; Hornell, John; Houlihan, Diarmaid D.; Hrušovský, Štefan; Jarčuška, Peter; Kershenobich, David; Kostrzewska, K.; Kristián, Pavol; Leshno, Moshe; Lurie, Yoav; Mahomed, Adam; Мамонова, Н. А.; Méndez-Sánchez, Nahúm; Mossong, Joël; Nurmukhametova, E.; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Oltman, Marián; Oyunbileg, Janchiv; Oyunsuren, Ts.; Papatheodoridis, George V.; Pimenov, Nikolay; Prabdial-Sing, Nishi; Prins, Maria; Puri, Pankaj; Radke, Sarah; Rakhmanova, Aza; Razavi, Homie; Razavi‐Shearer, Kathryn; Reesink, H. W.; Ridruejo, Ezequiel; Safadi, Rifaat; Sagalova, Olga; Sanduijav, Ruvjir; Schréter, Ivan; Seguin-Devaux, Carole; Shah, Samir; Shestakova, I.; Shevaldin, A.; Shibolet, Oren; Sokolov, Svyatoslav S.; Souliotis, Kyriakos; Spearman, Wendy; Staub, Thérèse; Strebkova, E.A. Strebkova; Struck, Daniel; Tomasiewicz, Krzysztof; Undram, L.; Meer, Adriaan J. van der; Santen, Daniela van; Veldhuijzen, Irene; Villamil, Federico; Willemse, S.B.; Zuure, Freke; Silva, M. O.; Sypsa, Vana; Gower, E.

doi:10.1111/jvh.12350

Cited by 104 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…8 An estimated viremic rate of about 80%, corresponds to a viremic prevalence of about 0.68%. 9 A significant variation in prevalence has been noted across various geographical regions in India. The availability and quality of epidemiological data from India is, however, not optimal.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hcv In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling the Hepatitis C Disease Burden in Punjab, India

Dhiman

Satsangi

Grover³

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a globally prevalent pathogen and is a major cause of healthcare burden in India. HCV poses a significant problem in the state of Punjab, India owing to the higher prevalence of risk factors like unsafe medical practices (including unsafe injections and dental procedures) and intravenous drug use. The reported prevalence of HCV in this part of the country was 5.2% in 2012, while a recent study has shown the prevalence to be 3.2% in 2016. Similar to the other geographic belts in India, genotype 3 predominates in the state of Punjab. Control of HCV infection in Punjab requires focusing on several strategies. There is a need to formulate a health educational curriculum targeting not only the high-risk population but also the general population regarding the transmission of HCV. Training of family physicians who form the first link to patients in the community is imperative in the success of healthcare programmes. Adopting the dual approach of treating the old cases (decreasing the reservoir pool of HCV) and decreasing the incidence of new ones would help curtail the disease and decrease liver related mortality. A commendable initiative has been launched by the Punjab state government to eliminate HCV from Punjab. However, besides the initiative by the government, a concerted effort by all other stakeholders in managing the HCV burden in India, namely the doctors, the drug companies and the nongovernment organizations is required for control of HCV. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2016;6:224-232) H epatitis C virus (HCV) is a single stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. It has six major genotypes 1-6 with genotype 1 being the most prevalent genotype globally (46%), followed by genotype 3 in 22% and genotype 2 and 4 in 13% each.

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Section: Prevalence Of Hcv In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling the Hepatitis C Disease Burden in Punjab, India

Dhiman

Satsangi

Grover³

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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“…Health Care Unsafe Parenteral Practices (HCUPP) are among the most significant contributors to its causation. Age stratification shows an increasing age related prevalence as frequently found in many countries [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Prevalence and Risk of Unsafe Parenteral Practices in Derqui, Argentine

Insúa

Flaherty

Silva

2017

GHOA

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(LAC) [1], and improved prevalence estimates and modeling attempts are ongoing [2]. Several estimates suggest that hepatitis C prevalence may range between 0,17% to 5,6%, and in some communities between 2,2 and 7,3% [3]. Another prevalence estimate of 1,23% was suggested for LAC [4], and a burden of 7.8 million persons affected with Hepatitis C were calculated in year 2010 for LAC [5].Frequently prevalence studies lack adequate methodology. The case of Hepatitis C in Argentina shows the same sets of problems. HCV epidemiology and risk factor contribution in Argentina is poorly described, relying on special populations' data, blood bank / laboratory data and potentially biased community based studies about risk factor exposure. To date, most sero-prevalence studies en HCV prevalence resulted from spontaneous demand, due to increases in reported cases [6,7] and focused on small communities or high-risk groups [8][9][10], or high-risk populations [11][12][13]. The gold standard for prevalence studies are community based studies [14]. Some countries, such as Brazil [15], have well designed prevalence estimates by national surveys.Injection safety is a worldwide challenge with greater impact on less developed (LDC) and transitional countries (TC) [16]. Injections may be appropriate, unnecessary or unsafe [17]. Unsafe injections, defined as syringe or needle reuse without sterilization, are supposed to produce 40% of hepatitis C worldwide, mostly in East Asia [18,19]. A substantial portion of injections is unnecessary. Unnecessary injections are approximately 50% of the total injections (world: 3.4 and Latin América: 1.7 injections/ persons/ year) [20]. Reuse proportion is 39.3% (range 1.2-75% in different world regions). A complex series of causes determine the rates of unnecessary and unsafe injections; cultural, economic, technologic and quality /safety combined related problems are related to their prevalence. Cultural beliefs that injections are better include, that they are faster, stronger and more advanced technologies than oral drugs. Unsafe parenteral practices, including unsafe nosocomial control measures, seem to contribute to this problem. AbstractBackground: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology and risk factor (RF) contribution in Argentina can be improved, with prevalence studies addressing unsafe injections in health care settings. Study purpose was: 1) to estimate a defined population prevalence of HCV and 2) to assess RF exposure for HCV, including potential impact of Health Care Unsafe Parenteral Practices (HC-UPP).

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“…Some of these data were included in a previous global report [2,3] . To populate a disease progression model and to assess the magni tude of the HCVinfected populace according to liver fibrosis stages (METAVIR score F0-F4), country-specific inputs from 20132030 were loaded in Microsoft Excel ® database (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As outlined in a previous work, annual patients pro gress through each disease state were include in the model using age and gender specific transition probabilities [2,3] . Changes in historical HCV incidence were estimated according to expert opinion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C virus infection in Argentina: Burden of chronic disease

Ridruejo¹,

Bessone²,

Daruich³

et al. 2016

WJH

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AIM:To estimate the progression of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic and measure the burden of HCVrelated morbidity and mortality. METHODS:Age-and gender-defined cohorts were used to follow the viremic population in Argentina and estimate HCV incidence, prevalence, hepatic complications, and mortality. The relative impact of two scenarios on HCV-related outcomes was assessed: (1) increased sustained virologic response (SVR); and (2) increased SVR and treatment. Hepatitis C virus infection in Argentina: Burden of chronic disease Observational Study ORIGINAL ARTICLERESULTS: Under scenario 1, SVR raised to 85%-95% in 2016. Compared to the base case scenario, there was a 0.3% reduction in prevalent cases and liverrelated deaths by 2030. Given low treatment rates, cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensated cirrhosis decreased < 1%, in contrast to the base case in 2030. Under scenario 2, the same increases in SVR were modeled, with gradual increases in the annual diagnosed and treated populations. This scenario decreased prevalent infections 45%, liver-related deaths 55%, liver cancer cases 60%, and decompensated cirrhosis 55%, as compared to the base case by 2030. CONCLUSION:In Argentina, cases of end stage liver disease and liver-related deaths due to HCV are still growing, while its prevalence is decreasing. Increasing in SVR rates is not enough, and increasing in the number of patients diagnosed and candidates for treatment is needed to reduce the HCV disease burden. Based on this scenario, strategies to increase diagnosis and treatment uptake must be developed to reduce HCV burden in Argentina.

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Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries – volume 2

Cited by 104 publications

References 52 publications

Tackling the Hepatitis C Disease Burden in Punjab, India

Tackling the Hepatitis C Disease Burden in Punjab, India

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Prevalence and Risk of Unsafe Parenteral Practices in Derqui, Argentine

Hepatitis C virus infection in Argentina: Burden of chronic disease

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