Historical land use and stand age effects on forest soil properties in the Mid-Atlantic US

Yesilonis, Ian D.; Szlávecz, Katalin; Pouyat, Richard V.; Whigham, Dennis F.; Xia, Lijun

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.03.046

Cited by 79 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…, Yesilonis et al. ). In the face of ongoing agricultural abandonment in some regions of the world (Ramankutty and Foley ), development of restoration approaches to mitigate agricultural legacies will be important for the recovery of post‐agricultural ecosystems (Flinn and Vellend ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, as much as 80% of forest cover in areas of Europe and North America is on land with agricultural history (Flinn and Vellend 2005). Numerous ecosystem attributes differ between post-agricultural areas and remnant areas (lacking a history of agriculture), including overstory structure and composition, understory plant diversity and community composition, and soil attributes (Kirkman et al 1996, Foster et al 1998, Flinn and Marks 2007, Kuhman et al 2011, Liiri et al 2012, Yesilonis et al 2016. In the face of ongoing agricultural abandonment in some regions of the world (Ramankutty and Foley 1999), development of restoration approaches to mitigate agricultural legacies will be important for the recovery of post-agricultural ecosystems (Flinn and Vellend 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restoration increases bee abundance and richness but not pollination in remnant and post‐agricultural woodlands

et al. 2018

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Human land use, including agriculture, is a leading contributor to declining biodiversity worldwide and can leave long‐lasting legacies on ecosystems after cessation. Ecological restoration is an approach to mitigate these impacts. However, little is known about how animal communities and plant–animal interactions respond to the combined effects of land‐use legacies and restoration. We investigated how restoration and agricultural history affect bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) communities and pollination function. In 27 paired remnant (no history of agriculture) and post‐agricultural longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) woodlands, we established 4–10 1‐ha plots (126 total) and experimentally restored half of them, while the other half were left as unrestored controls. Restoration was accomplished through canopy thinning which reinstates open savanna‐like conditions. We collected bees in each plot using a combination of bowl trapping and standardized netting transects. Thinning increased bee abundance by 169% and bee richness by 110%, but agricultural land use had no effect on these variables. Bee community composition was affected by restoration and was marginally affected by agricultural history. To measure pollination function, we conducted a sentinel plant experiment in which potted black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) plants were placed out in a subset of these sites (n = 10) and either bagged to exclude pollinators or left open for pollinator access. Then, we measured fruit and seed set of sentinel plants to compare pollination function among the restoration and land‐use history treatments. Seed set and fruit set of sentinel plants were higher in open than bagged plants, indicating that this model system effectively measured pollination, but we found no differences in pollination based on restoration or agricultural history. These results indicate that although pollinator communities may show clear responses to restoration that are largely independent of prior land‐use impacts, this does not necessarily translate into differences in pollination function after restoration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration increases bee abundance and richness but not pollination in remnant and post‐agricultural woodlands

et al. 2018

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“…(Parker et al, ), which are typically dormant November–March, during a winter dominated by rain and occasional snow. Soil types varied between Collington, Wist, and Annapolis soils (fine‐loamy, active, mesic Typic Hapludults) (Yesilonis et al, ). Lowland forests occur immediately adjacent to Muddy Creek, a third‐order stream draining into the Chesapeake Bay, and are hydrologically connected with the creek's tidal swings (Jordan et al, ), while the upland stands are ~50 m away from the creek and ~5 m higher in elevation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Respiration Variability and Correlation Across a Wide Range of Temporal Scales

et al. 2019

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The high temporal variability of the soil-to-atmosphere CO 2 flux (soil respiration, R S ) has been studied at hourly to multiannual time scales but remains less well understood than R S spatial variability. How R S fluxes vary and are autocorrelated at various time lags has practical implications for sampling and more fundamentally for our understanding of its abiotic and biotic underlying mechanisms. We examined the variability, correlation, and sampling requirements of R S over a wide range of temporal scales in a temperate deciduous forest in eastern Maryland, USA, using both automated (temporally continuous, N = 30,036 over 10 months) and survey (spatially diverse, temporally sparse, N = 1,912 over 17 months) data. Data from a global R S database were also used to examine interannual variability in comparable forests. The coefficient of variability of successive measurements generally varied from the minute (median coefficient of variation 16%) to hourly and daily (11-12%) time scales. Successive R S values measured at a given collar exhibited a strong hour-to-hour correlation (r = 0.931) and a moderate correlation at a 2-hr lag (0.289); day-to-day (i.e., 24 hr lag) hourly observations were uncorrelated. Daily R S means were well correlated at a 1-day lag (r = 0.856) but not at any further time lag. In a linear mixed-effects model predicting R S , soil temperature and moisture exerted consistently strong effects regardless of time scale, and model coefficient of variability was generally high (>80%). These results provide new opportunities to explore the drivers and variability of R S fluxes, quantify sampling requirements, and improve error propagation.Plain Language Summary Soils give off carbon dioxide, generated by microbes and plant roots, to the atmosphere. How this "soil respiration" (R S ) varies in time, as one measures at minute, hourly, daily, or longer time scales, is related to the processes driving it and has implications for how we estimate this flow of carbon across space and time. We measured R S in a coastal deciduous forest in Maryland, USA, and found that the variability of R S -how much it changed between successive measurementsvaried at the different time scales. R S values quickly became increasingly random (i.e., uncorrelated with each other) as one measured repeatedly over time. These results help us understand the factors driving this large flow of carbon to the atmosphere and improve our ability to estimate R S at times and places not directly measured.

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“…Szlavecz and Csuzdi, 2007;Filley et al, 2008;Crow et al, 2009;Szlavecz et al, 2011Szlavecz et al, , 2013Ma et al, 2013;Chang et al, 2016). Soils at the location have been classified as Collington sandy loam (fine-loamy mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludult), with an average pH of 5.1, 32% silt, 20% clay, and 5.6% organic matter content (Yesilonis et al, 2016). Soil used for the experiment was collected from the depth of 0e15 cm and sieved through a 2 mm sieve.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-specific effects of earthworms on microbial communities and the fate of litter-derived carbon

Chang

Szlávecz

Buyer

2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tSoil respiration is frequently measured as a surrogate for biological activities and is important in soil carbon cycling. The heterotrophic component of soil respiration is primarily driven by microbial decomposition of leaf litter and soil organic matter, and is partially controlled by resource availability. In North American temperate deciduous forests, invasive European and Asian earthworms are known to variously affect soil properties and resource availability through their feeding, burrowing, and casting behaviors, and may affect different components of soil respiration through modulating the microbial communities. By tracing litter-derived C from 13 C and 15 N double-enriched leaf litter into soil and CO 2 efflux in a mesocosm experiment, we tested the hypothesis that earthworms inhibit litter C-derived soil respiration by reducing resource availability and microbial biomass, and further examined how speciesspecific effects of earthworms on soil respiration are mediated by soil microbial community. We showed that while earthworms generally had no effect on total soil respiration, the interaction between Octolasion lacteum and Lumbricus rubellus had a significant negative non-additive effect, presumably through affecting anaerobic microsites in the soil. Moreover, litter C-derived soil respiration was reduced by the Asian Amynthas hilgendorfi, the European L. rubellus, and the North American native species Eisenoides lonnbergi, but not by the European species O. lacteum. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that while soil bacteria and fungi abundances were affected by earthworm species identities, the observed reduction of litter C-derived soil respiration could not be fully explained by changes in microbial biomass. We attributed these effects to earthworm-induced aggregate formation, reduction of microbial transformation of labile carbon, and antimicrobial peptide activities, and concluded that the mechanisms through which the four earthworm species affect the fate of litterderived C and its mineralization are species-specific.

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Historical land use and stand age effects on forest soil properties in the Mid-Atlantic US

Cited by 79 publications

References 68 publications

Restoration increases bee abundance and richness but not pollination in remnant and post‐agricultural woodlands

Restoration increases bee abundance and richness but not pollination in remnant and post‐agricultural woodlands

Soil Respiration Variability and Correlation Across a Wide Range of Temporal Scales

Species-specific effects of earthworms on microbial communities and the fate of litter-derived carbon

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