Historical Perspectives and a New U.S. Forest Service Strategy for Fish and Aquatic Stewardship

Shively, Dan; Rothlisberger, John D.; Gillespie, Nathaniel; Dombeck, Mike; Moore, Virgil; Roghair, Craig; Demario, Devin; McCormick, Frank H.; Weldon, Leslie A. C.

doi:10.1002/fsh.10098

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This perspective assumes that (1) once the desired outcomes are achieved, a well-managed landscape will remain relatively static; and (2) a static state best supports sustainable ecosystem services. In addition, these concepts are foundational ideas used to create the Rise to the Future: National Fish and Aquatic Strategy for the U.S. Forest Service (Shively et al 2018, this issue). Emerging views of aquatic-riparian ecosystems describe them as having a range of processes and attributes that are inherently complex, nonlinear, and dynamic (Reeves et al 1995;Wallington et al 2005;Penaluna et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We posit that guiding habitat management using natural disturbance and portfolio concepts provides a broader array of biophysical complexities and ecosystem functions than would occur under a static ecosystem perspective. In addition, these concepts are foundational ideas used to create the Rise to the Future: National Fish and Aquatic Strategy for the U.S. Forest Service (Shively et al 2018, this issue).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Natural Disturbance and Portfolio Concepts to Guide Aquatic–Riparian Ecosystem Management

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The U.S. Forest Service and other federal land managers are responsible for maintaining the productivity of aquatic–riparian ecosystems, the associated native biota, and the ecosystem services they provide. These public lands are important sources of water, recreation opportunities, and habitat for a suite of animals and plants, including many that are protected under the Endangered Species Act. To meet these challenges and responsibilities, recent science suggests modifying practices to provide a broader array of habitat, biological conditions, and ecosystem functions than are associated with traditional management approaches. We suggest that by linking approaches based on natural disturbance and portfolio concepts, managers can achieve a robust strategy and desired outcomes more reliably and cost effectively. Locally complex habitat conditions created by natural disturbances provide the template for biological diversity to play out if provided enough time. Accordingly, natural disturbance regimes play an important role in creating and sustaining habitat and biological complexities on the landscape, suggesting that, to the extent possible, management actions should emulate natural disturbance processes at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. In concert with this approach, the portfolio effect (i.e., diversity that mitigates risk) provides justification for promoting connected heterogeneous habitats that reduce the risk of synchronous large‐scale population and ecosystem collapse. In this article, we describe how disturbance and portfolio concepts fit into a broader strategy of conserving ecosystem integrity and dynamism and provide examples of how these concepts can be used to address a wide range of management concerns. Ultimately, the outcome for populations, habitats, and landscapes depends on how well environmental change is understood, the degree to which change is appropriately addressed by natural resource managers, and solutions that allow populations and ecosystems to persist in the presence of and be resilient to a growing scope of human influences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Natural Disturbance and Portfolio Concepts to Guide Aquatic–Riparian Ecosystem Management

et al. 2018

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“…If all taxa (save vascular plants) are considered, 157 of 227 (69%) of the taxa protected by the ESA on NFS lands are aquatic. The assessment of the value of NFS lands to aquatic biodiversity has been described at the broad scale (Muneepeerakul et al 2008;Stein et al 2008), but conservation efforts will also benefit from a finer-scale assessment (Shively et al 2018, this issue). These include cold-water salmonids such as trout, salmon, and char in the genera Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The scope of aquatic habitats on NFS lands has resulted in a wide range of aquatic species being present on these lands ( Figure 1). The assessment of the value of NFS lands to aquatic biodiversity has been described at the broad scale (Muneepeerakul et al 2008;Stein et al 2008), but conservation efforts will also benefit from a finer-scale assessment (Shively et al 2018, this issue).…”

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Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity in the Context of Multiple‐Use Management on National Forest System Lands

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) manages 193 million acres of public lands across 43 states and Puerto Rico. The original intent behind reserving lands managed by the USFS was to improve and protect forests, secure favorable conditions for water flows, and furnish a continuous supply of timber for the nation. Through time national forests have evolved, so they are managed for a broad array of uses. Differing expectations have led to conflicts between aquatic conservation and other aspects of the USFS’ mandate. In the 1990s, these conflicting goals came to a head with the listing of the northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina and the need to better protect streams that fostered populations of anadromous salmonids. To better balance these conflicting uses, the agency placed additional emphasis on conserving and restoring aquatic systems by integrating conservation concepts into the forest planning process. If the USFS is to succeed in protecting and restoring aquatic biodiversity, it must continue to address traditional challenges such as minimizing the effects of timber harvest, roads, grazing, and mining on aquatic systems while improving policies and practices regarding contemporary challenges such as climate change and invasive species.

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“…The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) has a history of protecting water and managing resources dating to the agency's inception (Shively et al. , this issue). In 1897, the U.S. Congress sought to create, protect, and care for the nation's forest reserves by passing the Organic Administration Act; in 1905, the USFS was established via the Transfer Act.…”

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Socioeconomic Benefits of Recreational, Commercial, and Subsistence Fishing Associated with National Forests

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The socioeconomic benefits of recreational, commercial, and subsistence fishing associated with lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service are substantial and are expected to increase over time. Recreational fishing on national forests and grasslands generate over US$2.2 billion annually through fishing equipment, boats, travel, outfitter and guiding services, fuel, and licenses, which in turn provide critical funding for fisheries habitat management and conservation by federal and state agencies. The sustainable nature of recreational fishing by the public complements the agency's multiple use mandate to conserve fish and aquatic resources, which include a high percentage of the nation's threatened, endangered, and sensitive fish and aquatic species. National forests in the Pacific Northwest and the western USA, particularly Alaska, support significant commercial and subsistence salmon fisheries. A growing restoration economy associated with fisheries habitat and watershed restoration contributes to local economies. Although more difficult to quantify, important social and cultural benefits of fishing are provided to the public nationwide, including connecting the public to the outdoors and to public lands. Managing fisheries habitat and watershed health amid competing demands for water, natural resources, and outdoor recreation will continue to challenge the U.S. Forest Service and its partners into the future.

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Historical Perspectives and a New U.S. Forest Service Strategy for Fish and Aquatic Stewardship

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Using Natural Disturbance and Portfolio Concepts to Guide Aquatic–Riparian Ecosystem Management

Using Natural Disturbance and Portfolio Concepts to Guide Aquatic–Riparian Ecosystem Management

Conservation of Aquatic Biodiversity in the Context of Multiple‐Use Management on National Forest System Lands

Socioeconomic Benefits of Recreational, Commercial, and Subsistence Fishing Associated with National Forests

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