Historical Political Cleavages and Postcrisis Transformations in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland, 1953–2020

BAULUZ, LUIS; Gethin, Amory; Martínez-Toledano, Clara; Morgan, Marc

doi:10.2307/j.ctv209xnfn.9

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On economic globalisation and societal cleavages more generally, see Rodrik (2018). Regarding Iberia, Bauluz et al (2021) show the class cleavage to be less salient in Spain than in Portugal. 4 The quote comes from the 14 January 2014 manifesto that gives rise to Podemos as a political force.…”

Section: Orcidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Populism and nationalism revisited: A comparative study of the Spanish and Portuguese New Left

Silva

Manucci

Larraz

2022

Nations and Nationalism

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Current definitions of populism are insufficiently determinate. They fail to distinguish between populism and nationalism. We propose to remedy this problem by advancing a new definition of populism as the logic of democratic resentment. We apply this new definition to a comparison between Spain's Podemos and Portugal's Left Bloc (BE), which we classify as social carriers of populism. We make two contributions to the literature. First, our findings dispute existing characterisations of the Portuguese case, which fail to distinguish between populist and nationalist claim‐making. Second, our analysis undermines depictions of Podemos as the consummate populist party in Iberia: In 2015, the little studied BE was a stronger populist carrier than Podemos. The analytical framework underpinning this conclusion offers a more refined approach to populism than the alternatives and sets a higher standard for empirical replication.

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Section: Orcidmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Populism and nationalism revisited: A comparative study of the Spanish and Portuguese New Left

Silva

Manucci

Larraz

2022

Nations and Nationalism

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“…Although the object of study is different, some of the sources used and the comparative spirit of the work are also close to the new empirical literature in economics on the socioeconomic characteristics of voters (Bauluz et al, 2021;Gethin et al, 2022;Kosse & Piketty, 2020;Piketty, 2019). We complement these studies that focus on political parties by looking at trade unions, another important intermediate body in Western democracies.…”

Section: Relation To the Literaturementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Over the same time period in France, union membership composition has not changed in parallel to that of the left electorate, as analyzed by Gethin et al (2022). In Italy, the two are possibly more similar, as there is no selection on education among the left electorates (Bauluz et al, 2021), as for union membership (Figures G1–G3).…”

Section: Membership Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Which side are you on?” A historical study of union membership composition in seven Western countries

Batut,

Lojkine,

Santini

2023

Industrial Relations

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This study uses surveys from the past 60 years to study union membership in Denmark, France, West Germany, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We first revisit aggregate union densities finding that, for France and Italy, they were at times under‐ and overestimated, respectively. Second, we document the evolution of the composition of union membership in terms of gender, occupation, education, and sector. Different stylized facts emerge for different groups of countries. These facts do not lend support to the composition‐based theory that attributes deunionization to deindustrialization, nor to the technological theory that predicts the exit of the high‐skilled from unions.

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“…One of the most striking transformations of political cleavages in Western democracies has been the reversal of the education cleavage and the emergence of "multi-elite party systems": while the "right" continues to be supported by top-income voters, highest-educated voters have gradually shifted from the "right" towards the "left" (Piketty 2018;Piketty & Kosse 2019;Bauluz, Gethin, Martínez-Toledano & Morgan 2021;Gethin 2021). The main finding 3 of this paper is to show that the exact same reversal of the education gradient took place in Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Austria, though with interesting variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

7. Party System Transformation and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, 1967–2019

Sota

Gethin

Martínez-Toledano

2021

Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities

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This paper combines post-electoral surveys to study the transformation of the structure of political cleavages in Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland over the last five decades. Despite their history of linguistic, regional, and religious conflicts, all four countries share a common tradition of consensus decision-making, which has remained until the present. Yet, the weakening of historical cleavages, the emergence of new political formations (i.e. Green parties on the left and anti-immigration parties on the right), and the rise of new divides have significantly transformed their party systems since the 1980s. Support for green and left-wing parties among highest-educated voters, and for anti-immigration parties among the lower-educated has grown, while top-income earners have remained instead more supportive of the traditional right. Both the rise of new green and anti-immigration parties, but also changes within old parties have thus led to the emergence of "multi-elite party systems", as it has been shown in other Western democracies. We are grateful to Gabriel Gazeau and Thomas Piketty for their useful advices.

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Historical Political Cleavages and Postcrisis Transformations in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland, 1953–2020

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Populism and nationalism revisited: A comparative study of the Spanish and Portuguese New Left

Populism and nationalism revisited: A comparative study of the Spanish and Portuguese New Left

“Which side are you on?” A historical study of union membership composition in seven Western countries

7. Party System Transformation and the Structure of Political Cleavages in Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, 1967–2019

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