2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.049
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Historical spatial patterns and contemporary tree mortality in dry mixed-conifer forests

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Cited by 45 publications
(29 citation statements)
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“…Frequent-fire forests historically had a spatial pattern characterized by three general components: individual scattered trees in a matrix of shrubs and hardwoods, clumps of trees, and openings ("ICO"). This ICO pattern has been found in fire-dependent forests throughout western North America (Larson and Churchill, 2012;Lydersen et al, 2013;Fry et al, 2014;Clyatt et al, 2016) and analysis of tree rings has documented trees in stands with this pattern surviving repeated exposure to fire and water stress. While climate change models vary in their specific predictions, all agree that fire and drought are likely to increase in frequency and severity (Williams et al, 2013;Allen et al, 2015;Millar and Stephenson, 2015;Abatzoglou and Williams, 2016).…”
Section: Planting In Clusters Vs Regular Spacingmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…Frequent-fire forests historically had a spatial pattern characterized by three general components: individual scattered trees in a matrix of shrubs and hardwoods, clumps of trees, and openings ("ICO"). This ICO pattern has been found in fire-dependent forests throughout western North America (Larson and Churchill, 2012;Lydersen et al, 2013;Fry et al, 2014;Clyatt et al, 2016) and analysis of tree rings has documented trees in stands with this pattern surviving repeated exposure to fire and water stress. While climate change models vary in their specific predictions, all agree that fire and drought are likely to increase in frequency and severity (Williams et al, 2013;Allen et al, 2015;Millar and Stephenson, 2015;Abatzoglou and Williams, 2016).…”
Section: Planting In Clusters Vs Regular Spacingmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…Furthermore, these treatmentsresulted in a range of distributions of individual trees and patches that are within the reported historical range of variability for similar ecosystems (Churchill et al, 2013b;Clyatt et al, 2016;Sanchez-Meador et al, 2011). Given the lack of spatially explicit targets within our study area, it is difficult to determine how closely these treatmentsmimic historical site-specific conditions.…”
Section: Effects On Structural Complexitymentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Patch scale spatial patterns were characterized using a patch detection algorithm to identify the elements of individual trees, tree patches and openings (Clyatt et al, 2016;Plotkin et al, 2002;Sanchez-Meador et al, 2011).Wedetermined individual patches by identifying all trees with overlapping crowns, based on measured crown radii, and then joiningthe contagiousoverlapping sets of trees to form each unique patch.We then determined the proportion of trees in the following patch size classes: small (2-4 trees), medium (5-10 trees), large (11-20 trees), and patches of continuous cover (21+ trees) (Churchill et al, 2013a;Sanchez-Meador et al, 2011).Similar to several previous studies we elected not to incorporate an edge correction factor (Clyatt et al 2016, Plotkin et al 2002, Churchill et al 2013b. Several previous studies have shown that there is no advantage in using edge corrections when only a description of the pattern is reported as done here, however the use of edge correction factors is an important consideration when testing for departure from a null hypothesis (Wiegand andMoloney 2012,Churchill et al, 2013b;Plotkin et al, 2002;Yamada and Rogerson, 2003).…”
Section: Analysis Of Non-spatial Stand Structure and Structural Complmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…An increasing number of studies from western US MSForests are available to define historical tree clump and gap variability of various forest types (Churchill et al, , 2014Fry et al, 2014;Harrod et al, 1999;Hopkins et al, 2014;Kaufmann et al, 2007;Knapp et al, 2013;Larson and Churchill, 2012;Lydersen and North, 2012;Lydersen et al, 2013;Stephens et al, 2008;Taylor, 2010;Clyatt et al, 2016). Within patches, tree patterns are defined by uneven-aged and irregularly patchy mosaics of individual trees, tree clumps ranging from 2 to 20 or more trees, comparably sized tree gaps, and even larger openings.…”
Section: Re-creating Fine-scale Heterogeneitymentioning
confidence: 99%