Historical unrest at large calderas of the world

Newhall, Christopher G.; Dzurisin, Daniel

doi:10.3133/b1855

Cited by 54 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Most volcanic eruptions are preceded by variable levels of unrest that range in severity and timing from volcano to volcano and usually last anywhere from a few hours to several years (Acocella et al, 2015). However, significant unrest episodes often occur without leading to eruption (e.g., Newhall & Dzurisin, 1988). This asymmetric relationship between unrest and eruption (i.e., eruptions are always preceded by unrest, but unrest is not always followed by eruption) highlights the challenges with the nonlinear nature of volcanic Abstract Taupō volcano, New Zealand, is a large caldera volcano that has been highly active through the Holocene.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Caldera-forming eruptions are high-impact, low frequency events with widespread hazards (Papale, 2018) and it is generally assumed that such large magnitude eruptions would be preceded by significant unrest (Acocella et al, 2015). However, caldera volcanoes are also associated with smaller, more frequent eruptions and can display a wide range of eruption styles within explosive to effusive regimes (e.g., Christiansen, 2001;Nairn, 2002;Newhall & Dzurisin, 1988;Wilson, 1993). Forecasting the future behavior of caldera volcanoes can be challenging with many possible scenarios of unrest or eruption with widely ranging associated hazard types and impacts (Charlton et al, 2020;Christiansen et al, 2007;Hildreth, 2017;Hill et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As with other types of volcano, unrest at caldera volcanoes typically manifests as earthquake swarms, ground deformation, changes to the local gravity and magnetic fields, and changes to fluid discharge volumes, temperatures, and chemistries (Acocella et al, 2015;Newhall & Dzurisin, 1988;Sandri et al, 2004;. However, interpreting caldera unrest is further complicated by several inescapable factors.…”

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Volcanic Unrest at Taupō Volcano in 2019: Causes, Mechanisms and Implications

Illsley‐Kemp

Barker

Wilson

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Taupō volcano, New Zealand, is a large caldera volcano that has been highly active through the Holocene. It most recently erupted ∼1,800 years ago but there have been multiple periods of historic volcanic unrest. We use seismological and geodetic analysis to show that in 2019 Taupō underwent a period of unrest characterized by increased seismic activity through multiple swarms and was accompanied by ground deformation within the caldera. The earthquakes, which include non‐double‐couple events, serve to outline an aseismic zone beneath the most recent eruptive vents. This aseismic zone is coincident with an inflating source, based on forward modeling of ground deformation data. We infer that this aseismic and deforming region delineates the location of the present day magma reservoir that is ≥250 km3 in volume and has a melt fraction of >20%–30%, inhibiting seismic activity. Our analysis shows that the 2019 unrest at Taupō was volcanic in nature and origin, demonstrating that this is an active and potentially hazardous volcano, and that improving our monitoring and understanding of its behavior is important.

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Volcanic Unrest at Taupō Volcano in 2019: Causes, Mechanisms and Implications

Illsley‐Kemp

Barker

Wilson

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The duration and peak ground accelerations associated with large earthquakes also can result in back-and-forth water oscillations known as seiches (McGarr and Vorhis, 1968). Seismic seiches at volcanic lakes are not widely known, but the few examples described in the literature indicate that seiches can be hazardous (Moore et al, 1966;Newhall and Dzurisin, 1988) and could be large enough to overtop crater rims which may lead to water erosion and possible dam failure.…”

Section: Seismic Effects On Volcanic Crater Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Crater and Small Caldera Lakes in Alaska: Characteristics and Hazards

Waythomas

2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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This study addresses the characteristics, potential hazards, and both eruptive and non-eruptive role of water at selected volcanic crater lakes in Alaska. Crater lakes are an important feature of some stratovolcanoes in Alaska. Of the volcanoes in the state with known Holocene eruptive activity, about one third have summit crater lakes. Also included are two volcanoes with small caldera lakes (Katmai, Kaguyak). The lakes play an important but not well studied role in influencing eruptive behavior and pose some significant hydrologic hazards. Floods from crater lakes in Alaska are evaluated by estimating maximum potential crater lake water volumes and peak outflow discharge with a dam-break model. Some recent eruptions and hydrologic events that involved crater lakes also are reviewed. The large volumes of water potentially hosted by crater lakes in Alaska indicate that significant flowage hazards resulting from catastrophic breaching of crater rims are possible. Estimates of maximum peak flood discharge associated with breaching of lake-filled craters derived from dam-break modeling indicate that flood magnitudes could be as large as 103–106 m3/s if summit crater lakes drain rapidly when at maximum volume. Many of the Alaska crater lakes discussed are situated in hydrothermally altered craters characterized by complex assemblages of stratified unconsolidated volcaniclastic deposits, in a region known for large magnitude (>M7) earthquakes. Although there are only a few historical examples of eruptions involving crater lakes in Alaska, these provide noteworthy examples of the role of external water in cooling pyroclastic deposits, acidic crater-lake drainage, and water-related hazards such as lahars and base surge.

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“…Central American lakes are similar in origin as most of them are currently or were closely related to volcanism. These lakes are classified as caldera lakes, crater lakes in (partially) active or inactive volcanoes, maar lakes, or are located in volcanic bedrock basins (Golombek and Carr, 1978;Newhall and Dzurisin, 1988;Dull et al, 2001;Vallance and Calvert, 2003) (Table 1). The existence of at least three sub-regions highlights that these lakes are additionally influenced by regional factors related to orography (elevation), climate and the level of volcanic activity such as magmatic heat and gas input.…”

Section: Geology and Associated Variables Reveal Two Main Limnological Regions In The Northern Neotropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodiversity primarily shapes large-scale limnology and aquatic species distribution in the northern Neotropics

Macario-González

Cohuo

Hoelzmann

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Geodiversity is recognized as one of the most important drivers of ecosystems characteristics and biodiversity globally. However, in the northern Neotropics, the contribution of highly diverse landscapes and geological history in structuring large-scale patterns of limnology and aquatic species associations remain poorly understood. We evaluate the interaction between geodiversity, limnology and freshwater ostracode assemblages to explore drivers of aquatic ecosystem structure from southern Mexico to Nicaragua. Cluster analysis based on geological, limnological, sedimentological and mineralogical characteristics of 76 aquatic ecosystems (karst, volcanic, tectonic) reveal two main limnological regions: (1) Karst terraces from the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Guatemala, and (2) volcanic terrains of the Guatemalan highlands, El Salvador and Honduras mid-elevations, and Nicaraguan lowlands. In addition, seven limnological subregions were recognized, attesting high limnological heterogeneity. Principal Component Analysis identifies water ionic and sediment composition as most influential for aquatic ecosystem classification and given their source of formation, we recognized geology as the fundamental determinant for large-scale limnological patterns. Multiparametric analyses based on biological data revealed that species association represent disjunct faunas. For instance, five species associations are closely related to limnological regions. Structural equation modelling reveals a strong influence of limnology and elevation on the biological composition, but geodiversity resulted in the most important driver. The confinement of species associations is attributed to regional lake geochemistry. We deduce a linear, continuous and primary influence of geodiversity for limnological structure, geochemical properties and aquatic biological composition in Lakes of the northern Neotropical region.

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Historical unrest at large calderas of the world

Cited by 54 publications

References 122 publications

Volcanic Unrest at Taupō Volcano in 2019: Causes, Mechanisms and Implications

Volcanic Unrest at Taupō Volcano in 2019: Causes, Mechanisms and Implications

Selected Crater and Small Caldera Lakes in Alaska: Characteristics and Hazards

Geodiversity primarily shapes large-scale limnology and aquatic species distribution in the northern Neotropics

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