Historicist Criticism

Water Staining of Al 3104-H19 Can Body Stock: A Crevice Corrosion Study Utilizing the Double Crevice Assembly Test Method

“…A distribution of relatively fine (≤ 0.5 µ m) A1 12 (Fe,Mn) 3 Si dispersoid particles, which were precipitated during preheat and hot rolling, was observable. Coarse particles also were observed at optical magnification.…”

“…Beverage can producers presently use between 0.12 wt% and 0.30 wt% Si in their alloy chemistry. 12 The addition of silicon is necessary to achieve ␣-phase transformations, Al 12 (Fe,Mn) 3 Si. This intermetallic particle minimizes galling and scarring of the can body stock and the can-making dies in constituent form and strongly affects the recrystallization and texture characteristics of the alloy in dispersoid form, which controls the earing characteristics (3) of the final rolled sheet.…”

“…(3) "Earing" is described as the wavy edge developed on the top of the can during drawing and ironing. This phenomena results from crystallographic planar anisotropy, which is a function of thermomechanical processing and alloy chemistry.…”

“…This intermetallic particle minimizes galling and scarring of the can body stock and the can-making dies in constituent form and strongly affects the recrystallization and texture characteristics of the alloy in dispersoid form, which controls the earing characteristics (3) of the final rolled sheet. [12][13][14][15] A minimum of 25% of the ␤-phase constituents, (Fe,Mn)Al 6 , must be transformed to ␣-phase, Al 12 (Fe,Mn) 3 Si, for optimal sheet characteristics. Transformation levels of 30% to 45% from ␤-phase to ␣-phase are considered ideal, 16 although levels of 50% to 90% transformation are used in the industry.…”

“…This tonnage represented > 50% of the United States primary aluminum smelter production for the same year, giving rigid container manufacturing a profound impact on the economic health of the aluminum industry. [1][2][3][4] Water-stained can stock ( Figure 1) results in an aesthetically unacceptable beverage container and accounts for 20% to 30% of all metal returned to the can stock manufacturer as scrap. Water staining, a form of crevice corrosion, (1) is characterized by formation of a white corrosion product that has precipitated onto the surface of the aluminum can stock sheet.…”