History and application of artificial neural networks in dentistry

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a commonly used term in daily life, and there are now two subconcepts that divide the entire range of meanings currently encompassed by the term. The coexistence of the concepts of strong and weak AI can be seen as a result of the recognition of the limits of mathematical and engineering concepts that have dominated the definition. This presentation reviewed the concept, history, and the current application of AI in daily life. Applications of AI are becoming a reality that is commonplace in all areas of modern human life. Efforts to develop robots controlled by AI have been continuously carried out to maximize human convenience. AI has also been applied in the medical decision-making process, and these AI systems can help nonspecialists to obtain expert-level information. Artificial neural networks are highly interconnected networks of computer processors inspired by biological nervous systems. These systems may help connect dental professionals all over the world. Currently, the use of AI is rapidly advancing beyond text-based, image-based dental practice. This presentation reviewed the history of artificial neural networks in the medical and dental fields, as well as current application in dentistry. As the use of AI in the entire medical field increases, the role of AI in dentistry will be greatly expanded. Currently, the use of AI is rapidly advancing beyond text-based, image-based dental practice. In addition to diagnosis of visually confirmed dental caries and impacted teeth, studies applying machine learning based on artificial neural networks to dental treatment through analysis of dental magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cephalometric radiography are actively underway, and some visible results are emerging at a rapid pace for commercialization.

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Based Analysis of Cephalometric Radiographs for Differential Diagnosis of Orthognathic Surgery Indications

“…Particularly, the development of deep learning in the categorization of images is surprising, and in the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) of 2015, it went beyond human perception [17].Various deep learning neural network models are being developed and applied to many fields. Image pattern recognition and classification problems are practically used in all fields; hence, application of deep learning is endless [18]. The medical field is no exception, and deep learning is being applied to different issues, including diagnosis, in several clinical fields [19,20].There have been many studies using various AI models in orthodontics [21,22].…”

“…Various deep learning neural network models are being developed and applied to many fields. Image pattern recognition and classification problems are practically used in all fields; hence, application of deep learning is endless [18]. The medical field is no exception, and deep learning is being applied to different issues, including diagnosis, in several clinical fields [19,20].…”

Radiomics and Machine Learning in Oral Healthcare

“…As the use of AI in the entire medical field increases, the role of AI in dentistry has been progressing remarkably . Generally speaking, the use of AI tools in dental practice brings new perspectives for the diagnosis, classification, and prediction of oral diseases, for treatment planning, and for the evaluation and prediction of outcomes.…”

“…On the other hand, 659 articles were listed when the term AI was combined with dentistry. Concerning AI in dentistry, the most promising area for applying this technology is DMFR . Table depicts that many previous AI research in different dental specialties were imaging‐based studies.…”

“…This is surely true in oral healthcare, where the increasing storage of information, data, and forms of knowledge have led to the development of new technologies and methods of human interactions with machines. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) have actually become commonly used terms in several areas of modern daily life, such as in medicine and dentistry …”