History and Breeding of Table Beet in the United States

Goldman, Irwin L.; Navazio, John P.

doi:10.1002/9780470650202.ch7

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the wild species of Beta including B. procumbens and B. webbiana have often been used to improve the cultivated species of B. vulgaris (Goldman and Navazio, 2003) because these wild species contain many interesting genes, in particular with regard to disease and pest resistance. More details can be found in the chapter on sugar beet.…”

Section: Genetic Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root and Tuber Crops

Bradshaw¹

2010

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Section: Genetic Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root and Tuber Crops

Bradshaw¹

2010

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“…Historically, Venice represented a major European market of the Silk Road and facilitated the distribution of eastern goods across Europe (Kuzmina 2008). Table beet has been proposed to have been developed within Persian and Assyrian gardens (Goldman and Navazio 2002). Whether this specifically corresponds to the origin of the expanded root character or a restricted table beet phenotype remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity among cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris) assessed via population-based whole genome sequences

Galewski

McGrath

2019

Preprint

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Diversification on the basis of utilization is a hallmark of Beta vulgaris (beet). Crop improvement and management activities are segregated by crop type, preserving unique genome diversity and differentiation, with occasional introgressions between diverged lineages for specific traits. Full interfertility is typically retained in crosses between these groups and more traits may be accessible if the genetic basis of crop type lineage were known, along with available genetic markers to effect efficient transfer (e.g., via backcrossing). Beta vulgaris L. (2n =18) is a species complex composed of diverged lineages (e.g., crop types), including table, leaf (chard), fodder, and sugar beet. Using population genetic and statistical methods with whole genome sequence data from pooled samples of 23 beet cultivars and breeding lines, relationships were determined between populations based on identity-by-state and shared genetic variation among lineages. Distribution of genetic variation within and between crop types showed extensive shared (e.g. non-unique) genetic variation. Lineage specific variation (e.g. apomorphy) within crop types supported a shared demographic history within each crop type, while principal components analysis revealed strong crop type differentiation.Relative contributions of specific chromosomes to genome wide differentiation were ascertained, with each chromosome revealing a different pattern of differentiation with respect to crop type. Inferred population size history inferences for each crop type helped integrate selection history for each lineage, and highlighted potential genetic bottlenecks in the development of cultivated beet lineages.A complex evolutionary history of cultigroups in Beta vulgaris was demonstrated, involving lineage divergence as a result of selection and reproductive isolation. Clear delineation of crop types was obfuscated by historical gene flow and common ancestry (e.g. admixture and introgression, and sorting of ancestral polymorphism) which served to share genome variation between crop types and, likely, important phenotypic characters. Table beet was well differentiated as a crop type, and shared more genetic variation within than among crop types. The sugar beet group was not quite as well differentiated as the table beet group. Fodder and chard groups were intermediate between the table and chard groups, perhaps the result of less intensive selection for their end use.

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“…Phenotypic markers may be an accurate visual method of hybrid selection, but they may not always be available for use in a particular cross. Heterosis for root size is another method for hybrid selection used by plant breeders in many root crops (Peterson and Simon, 1986; Goldman and Navazio, 2003). Selection using this method is based on a presumed increase in heterozygous loci causing an increase in vigor and size (Peterson and Simon, 1986; Milborrow, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selection using this method is based on a presumed increase in heterozygous loci causing an increase in vigor and size (Peterson and Simon, 1986; Milborrow, 1998). Traditionally, table beet and carrot progeny from fertile × fertile crosses have been visually selected using heterosis for size (Gabelman, 1974; Peterson and Simon, 1986; Goldman and Navazio, 2003). Typically, breeders evaluate putatively hybrid progeny for size, choosing the largest roots as hybrids and discarding the smaller roots as the result of self‐pollination.…”

mentioning

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Visual Versus Marker‐Based Selection of Hybrid Progeny in Fertile × Fertile Beet and Carrot Crosses

Schaber

Goldman

2013

Crop Science

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1419ReseaRch T he inbred-hybrid method for producing hybrids was proposed at the turn of the 20th century and is the predominant method for producing hybrids today. Inbred lines are established with varying degrees of homozygosity depending on the extent of inbreeding depression seen in a particular species ( Jones and Bingham, 1995;Havey, 1999;Janick, 1999;Miranda Filho, 1999). Complementary inbred lines are then crossed together to create hybrid progeny, which are valued for their vigor and uniformity. The discovery of CMS and effective nuclear restorer genes led breeders to seek efficient hybrid production in table beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and carrot (Daucus carota L.).

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History and Breeding of Table Beet in the United States

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Root and Tuber Crops

Root and Tuber Crops

Genetic diversity among cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris) assessed via population-based whole genome sequences

Visual Versus Marker‐Based Selection of Hybrid Progeny in Fertile × Fertile Beet and Carrot Crosses

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