History and current status of peste des petits ruminants virus in Tanzania

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes the acute, highly contagious disease peste des petits ruminants (PPR) that affects small domestic and wild ruminants. PPR is of importance in the small livestock-keeping industry in Tanzania, especially in rural areas as it is an important source of livelihood. Morbidity and case fatality rate can be as high as 80–100% in naïve herds; however, in endemic areas, morbidity and case fatality range between 10 and 100% where previous immunity, age, and species of infected animal determine severity of outcome. PPR was officially confirmed in domestic animals in the Ngorongoro district of Tanzania in 2008. It is now considered to be endemic in the domestic sheep and goat populations throughout Tanzania, but restricted to one or more areas in the small ruminant wildlife population. In this article, we review the history and the current status of PPR in Tanzania and neighboring countries. To control and eradicate PPR in the region, a joint effort between these countries needs to be undertaken. The effort must also secure genuine engagement from the animal holders to succeed.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for peste des petits ruminants and selected differential diagnosis in sheep and goats in Tanzania

“…This important position of small ruminants is one of the reasons behind the joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Organization for Animal Health programme to control and eradicate PPR and control small ruminant diseases [4]. PPRV is quickly increasing its spread across the world and is now threatening the most southern countries of Africa, with Tanzania currently being its southern border on the east coast [25]. To stop the spread further south, it is important to understand the prevalence and epidemiology of both PPR and its most common differential diagnosis, as the clinical presentation can be difficult to diagnose [4].…”

“…PPR was first confirmed in Tanzania in 2008 [21], but a retrospective study on samples collected in the northern districts found antibodies to PPRV were probably already present in 2004 [22]. The disease has since spread to the southern parts of the country and is now considered endemic in the domestic, small ruminant population in the whole country [23–25]. CCPP, FMD, BT, and BVD are endemic in Tanzania [24], however studies on FMD and BT have only been performed on large ruminants.…”

Spatial Multicriteria Evaluation for Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Eastern Africa and the Union of the Comoros

“…The circulation of the disease across Eastern Africa was subsequently shown through the detection of the virus and/or of antibodies to PPRV in Kenya (1999), Uganda (2005 and 2007) and more recently in Tanzania (2010) (19)(20)(21)(22). PPR is nowadays widely spread in the whole of Africa and is endemic in most eastern African countries (2,23). In the Comoros archipelago, located in the Northern Mozambique Channel about 300 km of the southern coast of Tanzania (Figure 1), the first PPR outbreak occurred in 2012 (24).…”

Hemato-biochemical parameters of Pesti-des Petits Ruminants (PPR) affected goats in Chittagong, Bangladesh

“…Clinically, the disease is characterized by high fever, oculo-nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, diarrhoea, and dyspnea bronchopneumonia followed by either death or recovery from the disease (Balamurugan et al, 2012;Sharma et al, 2012;Jaisree et al, 2018). Animals that are unprotected by means of devoid of immunization has the morbidity rate can be up to 100% and mortality may be 20% to 90% particularly in goats (Torsson et al, 2016). In a study found that 74.13% morbidity and 54.83% mortality in Black Bengal goats in some selected areas of Bangladesh (Das et al, 2007).…”