History and Current Status of Haploidization in Carrot (Daucus carota L.)

Abstract

The induction of haploid cell development into normal plants enables the production of doubled haploid lines, which are homozygous and can be used in breeding programs as an alternative to conventionally derived inbred lines. In this paper, we present the historical background and current status of the attempts of haploid induction in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Economically, carrot is one of the most important vegetables. It is an outcrossing diploid (2n = 2x = 18) species. Nowadays, the seeds of hybrid cultivars constitute the majority of the carrot seeds sold in the world. Hybrid cultivars of carrot are produced using inbred populations. Inbreeding in this species is difficult due to an inbreeding depression and is also time-consuming, as it is a biennial crop. Therefore, the implementation of the haploidization technology into the breeding programs of carrot is of high interest. Androgenesis, gynogenesis and induced parthenogenesis are the methods that have been used for haploid induction, and their potential in haploidization of carrot is discussed. The centromere-specific histone 3 variant (CENH3) and its manipulation in carrot is also acknowledged.

Chromosome-level changes and genome elimination by manipulation of CENH3 in carrot (Daucus carota)

“…In addition, the continued reliance on 3-way hybrids in carrot is an additional justification for the development of alternative methods of inbred development in carrot. Current methods for production of carrot haploids, which include in vitro culturing of ovules, anthers, and isolated microspores, are too inefficient and genotype dependent to be used for commercial production ( Kiełkowska and Kiszczak, 2023 ). Therefore, a method for creating an efficient in vivo haploid inducer would be of great value for hybrid carrot production.…”

Pollen Development and Stainability in Vicia faba L. and Lupinus angustifolius L.

“…One such method is the production of homozygous lines through in vitro manipulation in the process of haploidization of plant materials. Obtained through this process, doubled haploid (DH) plants are highly significant in plant breeding, as they considerably shorten the breeding process [10,11]. Some haploidization methods rely on manipulations of male gametophyte cells.…”

“…Some haploidization methods rely on manipulations of male gametophyte cells. These methods include androgenesis (in isolated anther cultures and isolated microspore cultures) and induction of parthenogenesis through distant pollination or pollination by artificially inactivated pollen [11][12][13][14]. The above-mentioned techniques, as well as conventional plant breeding processes based on controlled pollination, require precise determination of cell viability (both microspores and mature pollen), necessitating the optimization of procedures and the selection of appropriate methods for assessment.…”