The ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding protein Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding
Protein 1 (CPEB1), a key member of the CPEB family, is essential in controlling gene expression
involved in both healthy physiological and pathological processes. CPEB1 can bind to the 3'-
untranslated regions (UTR) of substrate messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and regulate its translation.
There is increasing evidence that CPEB1 is closely related to the pathological basis of atherosclerosis.
According to recent investigations, many pathological processes, including inflammation,
lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, apoptosis,
and insulin resistance, are regulated by CPEB1. This review considers the prevention and treatment
of atherosclerotic heart disease in relation to the evolution of the physiological function of
CPEB1, recent research breakthroughs, and the potential participation of CPEB1 in atherosclerosis.