History and future of the relativistic magnetron

S-band microwave radiation by a high-impedance diode with an A6 anode block

“…In addition to phase synchronization of the microwave beams generated by different magnetrons, one can use the different output channels of a single magnetron as a supply for an antenna array. [6][7][8][9][10] The extraction of the microwave power through several output channels of the RM following coherent interference of the microwave beams at the desired distance allows one to obtain power densities multiple times larger than those from a single output channel. During the last decade, significant improvement in the efficiency, pulse duration and amplitude, and frequency stability of the microwaves generated by RMs was demonstrated.…”

“…These results show that the operation of this highimpedance magnetically insulated electron diode with an A6 anode block differs significantly from the conventional description of magnetrons. In spite of the fact that this problem has undergone many years of research, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] our work shows that it is far from being completely understood and additional research is required to understand the phenomena governing the operation of relativistic magnetrons, which could also be relevant for conventional magnetrons.…”

Novel Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic Manufacturing Techniques for a Magnetron Field Emission Cathode

“…The solution is to phase lock multiple low power (inexpensive) magnetrons together to achieve the same power as one, high power (expensive) magnetron. Traditional phase locking uses external or additional devices that are attached to the magnetron [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. These devices, regulate, measure, and change the inputs into the magnetron to allow for accurate phase control.…”

Simulation of a Crossed-Field Amplifier Using a Modulated Distributed Cathode

“…Current crossed-field devices use thermionic or secondary electron emitting cathodes, with the exception of some magnetrons [28,29] and the A6 magnetron which uses a transparent cathode [11,12] where explosive emitters [30,31] are used. In the transparent cathode work, current is emitted from explosive emitters at discrete locations in the geometry, but each source has the same approximate current.…”

“…The use of FEAs in MVEDs has been proposed and implemented for microtriodes [5,96,97], klystrodes [6,32,96,97], twystrodes [96], gyrotrons [20], magnetrons [12,28,29,98], and TWTs [8,9,99,100]. The use of GFEAs in gated emission devices such as the microtriode, klystrode, and twystrode is very appealing due to the low transconductance (the ratio of the change in current at the output terminal to the change in the voltage at the input terminal of an active device), short transit times (the time for an electron to travel from the emitter to the gate), and the small package.…”