History and recent development of multi-purpose utility tunnels

Luo, Yisha; Alaghbandrad, Ali; Genger, T.K.; Hammad, Amin

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2020.103511

Cited by 76 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…With Eqs. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the model predicted the average humidity in the tunnel from August 13 to 26 with reasonable accuracy as shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Dehumidification in an underground utility tunnel: field experiment and modeling

Zhao

Song³

et al. 2021

Archit. Struct. Constr.

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The recent rapid development of underground utility tunnels (UUT) in China reflects the government's resolve to improve the municipal service amid rapid urbanization. Although safety is of primary concern in the design and operation of the UUT, the moisture issue appears to be neglected. In the southern and eastern China, however, condensation in the UUT is noted and is believed to be responsible for the high rate of equipment failure and the deterioration of air quality inside the tunnel. To understand the moisture issue and its implications to the design and construction of the UUT, this study investigates the moisture balance in a section of the UUT in Suzhou city, eastern China. An experimental dehumidification study was carried out in a 200 m long 4.05 m × 2.5 m cable compartment with the objective to identify major sources and their strengths. Two refrigeration dehumidifiers were used to control the relative humidity. The results show that the most significant moisture source was the outdoor air through ventilation (values dependent on the air change rates), followed by the open water evaporation (~ 4.195 kg/hr) inside the tunnel and the leakage from the neighboring unconditioned compartments. The concrete walls had a strong buffering effect, which was a strong source at the beginning of the dehumidification (~ 17.171 kg/hr). A mathematical model was developed that can predict the tunnel humidity fairly well. The results suggested that the dehumidification needs to be included in the design, construction, and operation of the future utility tunnel. This includes reserved spaces for moisture control systems, an operation strategy for dehumidification, covered drainage system, and quality construction and maintenance.

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“…With Eqs. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), the model predicted the average humidity in the tunnel from August 13 to 26 with reasonable accuracy as shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Japan built more than 2,000 km of UUT in 80 cities as of 2018 [6]. In 2015, China started to promote the construction of UUT [4] and began to lead the world in terms of total length under construction [7]. As of 2020, China has achieved its target of 8,640 km UUT built or being built and another 12,000 km planned [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehumidification in an underground utility tunnel: field experiment and modeling

Zhao

Song³

et al. 2021

Archit. Struct. Constr.

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“…At present, the seismic research on utility tunnels is mostly concentrated on the standard section, and the related research on pipelines in the tunnels is less common. Additionally, the research form is relatively narrow, which is not enough to meet the development trend of the diversified structure of utility tunnels, the integrated construction of underground spaces, and the changing social needs [23][24][25]. However, as an important joint of a utility tunnel, the branch system is a weak link in the seismic design of the whole utility tunnel due to the sudden changes of the section form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic-Response Analysis of the Branch System of a Utility Tunnel Subjected to Near-Fault and Far-Field Ground Motions in Different Input Mechanisms

Jin¹,

Guo²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

Computer Modeling in Engineering &Amp; Sciences

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There are few studies on the dynamic-response mechanism of near-fault and far-field ground motions for large underground structures, especially for the branch joint of a utility tunnel (UT) and its internal pipeline. Based on the theory of a 3D viscous-spring artificial boundary, this paper deduced the equivalent nodal force when a P wave and an SV wave were vertically incident at the same time and transformed the ground motion into an equivalent nodal force using a self-developed MATLAB program, which was applied to an ABAQUS finite element model. Based on near-fault and far-field ground motions obtained from the NGA-WEST2 database, the dynamic responses of a utility tunnel and its internal pipeline in different input mechanisms of near-fault and far-field ground motions were compared according to bidirectional input and tridirectional input, respectively. Generally, the damage to the utility tunnel caused by the near-fault ground motion was stronger than that caused by the far-field ground motion, and the vertical ground motion of near-fault ground motion aggravated the damage to the utility tunnel. In addition, the joint dislocation of the upper and lower three-way joints of the pipeline in the branch system under the seismic action led to local stress concentrations. In general, the branch system of the utility tunnel had good seismic performance to resist the designed earthquake action and protect the internal pipeline from damage during the rare earthquake.

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“…It is favored by all walks of life for its easy maintenance, effective use of underground space, good city appearance, and protective effect. e utility tunnel is now extensively applied in major cities around the world [4]. Due to inevitable aging, corrosion, and other human factors, as soon as the leakage accident takes place, it very likely ends in an explosion in the gas compartment in the utility tunnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study on the Shock Wave Propagation Rule of a Gas Explosion in a Gas Compartment

Lin

Hou

Derlatka

et al. 2022

Shock and Vibration

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Combined with the k-ε turbulence model of general application, a refined finite element model of a utility tunnel’s gas compartment filled with the methane/air mixture is developed. A series of analyses are made by using the powerful industry-leading computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software flame acceleration simulator (FLACS) to study the shock wave propagation rule in the gas compartment. The longitudinal and transversal distribution laws of the explosion shock wave are gained taking into consideration the spatial characteristics of the gas compartment. The influences of a few parameters, such as initial conditions and section size of the gas compartment, on the shock wave propagation rule are further discussed. The basic procedure for predicting the peak pressure of the blast wave is provided by considering the initial conditions and the gas compartment, and the corresponding injury effect of the explosion wave on the living beings is assessed. The investigation demonstrates that the peak pressure by the coupled effect between the initial conditions is significantly influenced, especially at the upper and lower gas explosion limits. The peak pressure increases gradually as the width or height increases, and both basically meet the linear relation. The proposed method can forecast the peak pressure of the explosion shock wave in the gas compartment accurately. According to the peak pressure longitudinal and transversal distributions of the blast wave, the peak pressure is far greater than the killing pressure threshold in the underground and closed space; consequently, it is not safe for the living beings in the gas compartment.

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History and recent development of multi-purpose utility tunnels

Cited by 76 publications

References 28 publications

Dehumidification in an underground utility tunnel: field experiment and modeling

Dehumidification in an underground utility tunnel: field experiment and modeling

Dynamic-Response Analysis of the Branch System of a Utility Tunnel Subjected to Near-Fault and Far-Field Ground Motions in Different Input Mechanisms

The Study on the Shock Wave Propagation Rule of a Gas Explosion in a Gas Compartment

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