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The aim of this study is to fill out the gap that exists in the literature by discussing the main problems and barriers to sustainable development in space and the initial proposal to adopt SDG 18. Despite the fact that the subject of the sustainable development of space is little researched, it seems that in order to be able to properly prepare for it, a broader debate on this subject should now be undertaken. This is due to the fact that this issue is undoubtedly complex and multifaceted. The starting point for the development of SDG 18 seems to be the discussion of issues such as: sustainable financing of space exploration, laws and treaties. The considerations undertaken in the article may be helpful for government organizations in creating future sustainable development strategies. Business representatives will receive valuable information on the constraints associated with the implementation of space programs. On the other hand, scientists can treat the article as a starting point for deliberations on the 18 SDG and pose further questions to deepen the issues outlined in the article, and develop the 18 goal with further aspects omitted in this study.
The aim of this study is to fill out the gap that exists in the literature by discussing the main problems and barriers to sustainable development in space and the initial proposal to adopt SDG 18. Despite the fact that the subject of the sustainable development of space is little researched, it seems that in order to be able to properly prepare for it, a broader debate on this subject should now be undertaken. This is due to the fact that this issue is undoubtedly complex and multifaceted. The starting point for the development of SDG 18 seems to be the discussion of issues such as: sustainable financing of space exploration, laws and treaties. The considerations undertaken in the article may be helpful for government organizations in creating future sustainable development strategies. Business representatives will receive valuable information on the constraints associated with the implementation of space programs. On the other hand, scientists can treat the article as a starting point for deliberations on the 18 SDG and pose further questions to deepen the issues outlined in the article, and develop the 18 goal with further aspects omitted in this study.
This paper examines how local governments monitor the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through voluntary local reviews (VLRs), focusing on localised practices from 2016 to 2024. Given the crucial role of local authorities in SDG implementation, the research aims to analyse differences in monitoring approaches and indicator usage across various types of local governments worldwide. The analysis involved 120 VLRs, using both quantitative methods to assess the number of indicators per goal and semantic clustering techniques to explore thematic patterns. Results show that cities are the most active in SDG localisation, especially for goals aligned with urban governance, such as Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities) and Goal 4 (Quality Education). Some goals, such as Goal 15 (Life on Land) and Goal 17 (Partnerships), are less frequently monitored, reflecting challenges in translating national objectives to local contexts. Semantic clustering highlighted both strong alignments and gaps in SDG indicator usage, particularly for overlapping goals. The paper underscores the need for more tailored, context-specific indicators for local authorities to effectively monitor SDGs, while highlighting the leadership role that cities play in this process.
The space industry has expanded rapidly over several decades, with a significant increase in the number of launches and satellites in orbit. However, this expansion has generated sustainability concerns in space, including increased greenhouse gas emissions from satellite launches and orbital debris polluting the atmosphere. This raises concern about the sustainable use of the Earth's orbits as space debris accumulates. The amount of space debris, made up of different leftovers from objects like defunct satellites and rocket fuels, has been increasing for many years. In addition to contaminating the environment, this floating orbital garbage increases the chance of crashing into current satellites. Unless interventions are contemplated, the likelihood of more orbital garbage is expected to rise in the coming years. However, eliminating space waste is fraught with legal, political, economic, and regulatory issues as well as practical technological challenges. This chapter examines this confluence of factors with a view to contemplating remedies to solve the orbital debris problem.
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