History, Evolution, and Optimization Aspects of Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Mostafa, Ahmed; Górecki, Tadeusz; Tranchida, Peter Q.; Mondello, Luigi

doi:10.1002/9781118003466.ch4

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…At 5.5°C/min, separation in the 1 D was clearly compromised due to both decreased resolution and increased under-sampling. A ramping rate of 3°C/min was chosen as a compromise to maintain good resolution for acceptable analysis times (in agreement with literature [8]). …”

Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Both apolar × polar and polar × non-polar column combinations have been used with success in GC×GC, with the optimal configuration depending on the compounds of interest [8,27]. Both types of column sets were therefore evaluated as a first step in method development for honeybush tea volatiles.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acceptable linear velocities for hydrogen in 1 D and 2 D columns have been suggested to be approximately 20 and 100-130 cm/s, respectively [8]. Optimisation of the carrier gas flow rate was performed using constant column head pressures of 151.7, 100 and 75 kPa, corresponding to initial flow rates of 2.06, 1.06 and 0.81 mL/min, respectively.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At high flow rates, resolution in 1 D was compromised, whereas at a low flow rate, resolution in 2 D decreased since the analytes eluted at higher temperatures. An intermediate flow rate of 1.06 mL/min was therefore selected as optimal, resulting in a carrier gas linear velocity in 2 D within the range 100-130 cm/s [8].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the majority of commercial GC×GC systems utilise cryogenic modulation, which provide excellent performance for most analytes, but they are expensive to operate due to the high demand for cryogenic agents. On the other hand, failure of heater-based modulators to effectively trap highly volatile compounds and the limited volatility range of these systems have hampered their more widespread use [8]. Górecki and co-workers recently developed a novel single-stage thermal modulator that offers consumablefree operation and efficient modulation [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a single-stage thermal modulator

et al. 2017

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The applicability of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) using a single-stage thermal modulator was explored for the analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatile compounds. Headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) was used in combination with GC×GC separation on a non-polar × polar column set with flame ionisation (FID) detection for the analysis of fermented Cyclopia maculata, Cyclopia subternata and Cyclopia genistoides tea infusions of a single harvest season. Method optimisation entailed evaluation of the effects of several experimental parameters on the performance of the modulator, the choice of columns in both dimensions, as well as the HS-SPME extraction fibre. Eighty-four volatile compounds were identified by co-injection of reference standards. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clear differentiation between the species based on their volatile profiles. Due to the highly reproducible separations obtained using the single-stage thermal modulator, multivariate data analysis was simplified. The results demonstrate both the complexity of honeybush volatile profiles and the potential of GC×GC separation in combination with suitable data analysis techniques for the investigation of the relationship between sensory properties and volatile composition of these products. The developed method therefore offers a fast and inexpensive methodology for the profiling of honeybush tea volatiles. Graphical abstract Surface plot obtained for the GC×GC-FID analysis of honeybush tea volatiles.

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Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Modulator Performance and Optimisation Of Expementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a single-stage thermal modulator

et al. 2017

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Development and Design of a Single-Stage Cryogenic Modulator for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Mostafa

Górecki

2016

Anal. Chem.

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A new liquid nitrogen-based single-stage cryogenic modulator was developed and characterized. In addition, a dedicated liquid nitrogen delivery system was developed. A well-defined restriction placed inside a deactivated fused silica capillary was used to increase the cooling surface area and provide very efficient trapping. At the same time, it enabled modulation of the carrier gas flow owing to changes in gas viscosity with temperature. Gas flow is almost unimpeded at the trapping temperature but reduced to nearly zero at the desorption temperature, which prevents analyte breakthrough. Peak widths for n-alkanes of 30-40 ms at half height were obtained. Most importantly, even the solvent peak could be modulated, which is not feasible with any commercially available thermal modulator. Evaluation of the newly developed system in two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) separations of some real samples such as regular gasoline and diesel fuel showed that the analytical performance of this single-stage modulator is fully competitive to those of the more complicated dual-stage modulators.

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Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: Advances in Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Applications

et al. 2017

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History, Evolution, and Optimization Aspects of Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Cited by 5 publications

References 97 publications

Analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a single-stage thermal modulator

Analysis of honeybush tea (Cyclopia spp.) volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a single-stage thermal modulator

Development and Design of a Single-Stage Cryogenic Modulator for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Multidimensional Gas Chromatography: Advances in Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Applications

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