History of Biological Control Programs in the United States Department of Agriculture

Vail, P. V.; Coulson, Jack R.; Kauffman, W. C.; Dix, Mary Ellen

doi:10.1093/ae/47.1.24

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The US Department of Agriculture, as well as scientists at various universities, played central roles importing, breeding and releasing a wide variety of insect predators, parasitoids and herbivores from around the world (Clausen 1956). A large number of successes have been recorded in the USA (Vail et al 2001). The propensity for classical biological control in North America and Hawaii may be at least partially attributed to the dominance of non-native pest species there.…”

Section: Intentional Versus Accidentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hawaii has had eight intentional introductions of carabid predator species while many other coleopteran species, including dung beetles, were introduced to control the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, (Linnaeus), because they can quickly decompose cattle manure thereby destroying horn fly habitats (Funasaki et al 1988). (Vail et al 2001; Appendix E-see Electronic supplementary material) and a few Lepidoptera (Spencer and Coulson 1976; Appendix C-see Electronic supplementary material) in North America. In contrast, biological agents of non-native weeds have never been released in Japan.…”

Section: Intentional Versus Accidentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of insect invasions in North America, Japan and their Islands

et al. 2015

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Among the various animal taxa that are have established outside their native ranges, invasions by insect species are the most numerous worldwide. In order to better understand the characteristics of insect species that make them more invasion prone, the characteristics of habitats that make them more susceptible to invasions and to understand the pathways that facilitate invasions, we compared the compositions of the native and non-native insect communities among five Pacific regions: North America, the Hawaiian Islands, mainland Japan, Ogasawara and Okinawa Islands. These regions comprise both island and mainland habitats and have historically been subjected to varying activities affecting insect movement. Among the five regions, the oceanic islands, Hawaii and Ogasawara, appear to be the most prone to invasions. Specific insect orders such as the Blattodea, Siphonaptera, Thysanoptera and Hemiptera are disproportionally represented in the non-native insect fauna compared to the native fauna in all regions. A large fraction of the non-native insect species in North America (9.4 %) and Hawaii (13.2 %) were introduced intentionally, as part of biological control programs, which were historically pursued more vigorously in those regions than in Japan. Dominance by individual insect orders within invaded communities can be explained by the historical importance of invasion pathways, some of which were likely similar among regions (e.g., movement on live plants), while other pathways appear more region specific. Translocation of insect species among world regions appears to be affected by climatic similarity, 123Biol Invasions (2015) 17:3049-3061 DOI 10.1007/s10530-015-0935-y host plant similarity and propagule pressure, though these effects are often confounded.

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Section: Intentional Versus Accidentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intentional Versus Accidentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of insect invasions in North America, Japan and their Islands

et al. 2015

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“…Another group used in the control of coccids and aphids is the family Chamaemyiidae. Leucopis tapiae, for example, was introduced into Hawaii to control the Eurasian pine adelgid (Greathead 1995, Vail et al 2001.…”

Section: Diptera In Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of Diptera

Courtney

Pape

Skevington

et al. 2009

Insect Biodiversity

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“…One was the discovery of Steinernema glaseri and the beginning of microbial control with nematodes. The other, the discovery of B. popilliae and its application for control of the Japanese beetle, was the Wrst well-recognized case of the use of bacteria for insect control (Steinhaus, 1975;Vail et al, 2001). The discovery was an incremental process involving several individuals.…”

Section: The Rise Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

From Metchnikoff to Monsanto and beyond: The path of microbial control

Lord

2005

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

142

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In 125 years since MetchnikoV proposed the use of Metarhizium anisopliae to control the wheat cockchafer and brought about the Wrst Weld trials, microbial control has progressed from the application of naturalists' observations to biotechnology and precision delivery. This review highlights major milestones in its evolution and presents a perspective on its current direction. Fungal pathogens, the most eye-catching agents, dominated the early period, but major mycological control eVorts for chinch bugs and citrus pests in the US had questionable success, and interest waned. The discoveries of Bacillus popilliae and Bacillus thuringiensis began the era of practical and commercially viable microbial control. A program to control the Japanese beetle in the US led to the discovery of both B. popilliae and Steinernema glaseri, the Wrst nematode used as a microbial control agent. Viral insect control became practical in the latter half of the 20th century, and the Wrst registration was obtained with the Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in 1975. Now strategies are shifting for microbial control. While Bt transgenic crops are now planted on millions of hectares, the successes of more narrowly deWned microbial control are mainly in small niches. Commercial enthusiasm for traditional microbial control agents has been unsteady in recent years. The prospects of microbial insecticide use on vast areas of major crops are now viewed more realistically. Regulatory constraints, activist resistance, benign and eYcacious chemicals, and limited research funding all drive changes in focus. Emphasis is shifting to monitoring, conservation, integration with chemical pesticides, and selection of favorable venues such as organic agriculture and countries that have low costs, mild regulatory climates, modest chemical inputs, and small scale farming. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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History of Biological Control Programs in the United States Department of Agriculture

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of insect invasions in North America, Japan and their Islands

Comparison of insect invasions in North America, Japan and their Islands

Biodiversity of Diptera

From Metchnikoff to Monsanto and beyond: The path of microbial control

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