History of cerebrovascular disease but not dementia increases the risk for secondary vascular events during <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 infection with presumed Omicron variant: a retrospective observational study

Mayer, Christina; Woo, Marcel S; Brehm, Thomas Theo; Heyer, Andreas; Fischer, Marlene; Fischbach, Felix; Bal, Lukas Can; Addo, Marylyn M.; Kluge, Stefan; Thomalla, Götz; Schweingruber, Nils; Wiesch, Julian Schulze zur

doi:10.1111/ene.15843

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

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Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 in Immunocompromised People During the Omicron Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chapman,

Berenbaum,

Curigliano

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Key PointsQuestion:What are the risks of severe outcomes from COVID-19 in people with immunocompromising/immunosuppressive (IC/IS) conditions in the Omicron era?Findings:This systematic review and meta-analysis found increased risk of severe outcomes for people with IC/IS conditions (e.g., autoimmunity, cancer, liver disease, renal disease, transplant) compared with people without the respective conditions.Of all meta-analyzed conditions, transplant recipients had the highest risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, compared with non-transplant recipients or the general population.Meaning:People with IC/IS conditions remain at increased risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 during the Omicron era; continued preventative measures and personalized care are crucial.ImportanceThis is the first meta-analysis to investigate the risk of severe outcomes for individuals with immunocompromising/immunosuppressive (IC/IS) conditions specifically in the Omicron era.ObjectiveTo assess the risk of mortality and hospitalization from COVID-19 in people with IC/IS conditions compared with people without IC/IS conditions during the Omicron era.Data SourcesA systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Europe PMC, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and WHO COVID-19 Database was performed to identify studies published between 1 January 2022 and 13 March 2024.Study SelectionInclusion criteria were observational studies that included people (all ages) with at least 1 of the following conditions: IC/IS unspecified groups, transplant (solid organ, stem cells, or bone marrow), any malignancy, autoimmune diseases, any liver diseases, chronic or end-stage kidney disease, and advanced/untreated HIV. In total, 72 studies were included in the review, of which 66 were included in the meta-analysis.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second. Studies were synthesized quantitively (meta-analysis) using random-effect models. PRISMA guidelines were followed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEvaluated outcomes were risks of death, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and any combination of these outcomes. Odds ratios, hazard ratios, and rate ratios were extracted; pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsMinimum numbers of participants per IC/IS condition ranged from 12 634 to 3 287 816. Risks of all outcomes were increased in people with all meta-analyzed IC/IS conditions compared with people without the respective conditions. Of all meta-analyzed IC/IS conditions, transplant recipients had the highest risk of death (RR, 6.78; 95% CI, 4.41-10.43;P<.001), hospitalization (RR, 6.75; 95% CI, 3.41-13.37;P<.001), and combined outcomes (RR, 8.65; 95% CI, 4.01-18.65;P<.001), while participants in the unspecified IC/IS group had the highest risk of ICU admission (RR, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.37-4.83;P<.001) compared with participants without the respective IC/IS conditions or general population.ConclusionsIn the Omicron era, people with IC/IS conditions have a substantially higher risk of death and hospitalization from COVID-19 than people without these conditions.

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Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 in Immunocompromised People During the Omicron Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chapman,

Berenbaum,

Curigliano

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 in Comorbid Populations in the Omicron Era: A Meta-analysis

Chapman,

Barouch,

Lip

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Importance: This is the first meta-analysis to investigate risk of death and hospitalization in individuals with comorbidities, specifically during the Omicron era. Objective: To assess the risk of mortality and hospitalization from COVID-19 in individuals with comorbidities in comparison with individuals without comorbidities during the Omicron era. Data Sources: A systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Europe PMC, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and WHO COVID-19 Database was performed to identify studies published between 1 January 2022 and 13 March 2024. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were observational studies including people (all ages) with at least 1 of the following comorbidities: cardiovascular/ cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung conditions, diabetes, and obesity. In total, 72 studies were included in the review, of which 68 were meta-analyzed. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second. Studies were synthesized quantitively (meta-analysis) using random-effect models. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Main Outcomes and Measures: Evaluated outcomes were the risks of death, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and any combination of these outcomes. Odds ratios, hazard ratios, and rate ratios were extracted; pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: Minimum numbers of participants per comorbidity across included studies ranged from 328 870 for thrombosis to 13 720 480 for hypertension. Risks of death, hospitalization, and the combined outcome were increased in individuals with cerebrovascular disease, COPD, diabetes, respiratory diseases, heart disease, and heart failure versus those without (pooled RRs ranged from 1.27 [heart disease, hospitalization; 95% CI, 1.17-1.38, P < .001] to 1.78 [heart failure, death: 95% CI, 1.46-2.16, P < .001]). Individuals with diabetes and obesity had increased risk of ICU admission (RR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04-1.38, P = .0141 and RR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11-1.57, P = .00158, respectively). Conclusions: During the Omicron era, risk of death and hospitalization from COVID-19 is increased amongst individuals with comorbidities including cerebrovascular/cardiovascular conditions, chronic lung diseases, and diabetes, with the highest risk in those with heart failure. Individuals with diabetes and obesity are at increased risk of ICU admission.

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Long COVID-19 outcomes of patients with pre-existing dementia

Hadidchi,

Pakan,

Alamuri

et al. 2024

Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Background Although COVID-19 has been linked to worse acute outcomes in patients with some neurodegenerative disorders, its long-term impact on dementia remains unclear. Objective To investigate the outcomes of COVID-19 survivors with dementia. Methods This retrospective study evaluated 9806 patients with dementia in the Montefiore Health System (January 2016 to July 2023). Comparisons were made between dementia patients with and without a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase-chain-reaction test who had a follow-up at least two weeks post-infection. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), new-onset dysphagia, dyspnea, fatigue, new-onset sleep disturbances, altered mental status, first-time fall, headache, new-onset depression, and new-onset anxiety. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were computed adjusting for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and pre-existing comorbidities. Results Dementia patients with COVID-19 were younger, more likely to be male, and had a higher prevalence of major pre-existing comorbidities compared to those without COVID-19. Patients who survived acute COVID-19 were more likely to die than non-COVID controls after adjusting for covariates (aHR = 1.65 [1.43, 1.91]). COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher risk of MACE (aHR = 1.58 [1.41, 1.78]), new-onset dysphagia (aHR = 1.64 [1.42, 1.91]), dyspnea (aHR = 1.27 [1.12, 1.44]), fatigue (aHR = 1.42 [1.22, 1.65]), new-onset sleep disturbances (aHR = 1.36 [1.15, 1.60]), altered mental status (aHR = 1.36 [1.16, 1.59]), and first-time fall (aHR = 1.34 [1.09, 1.65]). Conclusions COVID-19 increases the risk of mortality and other adverse health outcomes in dementia patients. These findings highlight the need for closer follow-up and management strategies for dementia patients post-COVID-19.

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History of cerebrovascular disease but not dementia increases the risk for secondary vascular events during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with presumed Omicron variant: a retrospective observational study

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 in Immunocompromised People During the Omicron Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 in Immunocompromised People During the Omicron Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 in Comorbid Populations in the Omicron Era: A Meta-analysis

Long COVID-19 outcomes of patients with pre-existing dementia

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