History of Chronic Periodontitis Is a High Risk Indicator for Peri-Implant Disease

Abstract

The success rates in implant dentistry vary significantly among patients presenting previous history of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if patients with history of chronic periodontitis (CP) are more susceptible to peri-implant disease (PID) than those without history of CP. Two hundred and fifteen individuals, under periodontal maintenance, presenting 754 osseointegrated implants, were selected for this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the peri-implant status: Control group (patients without PID; n=129) and PID group (patients with PID; n=86). All peri-implant regions were clinically evaluated, including analyses of mucosa inflammation, edema and implant mobility. Periapical radiography assessed the presence of peri-implant bone loss. According to the clinical/radiographic characteristics, patients in Control and PID groups were diagnosed as having CP or not. Nominal variables were evaluated by the chi-square test. The distribution of numeric variables was analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze significant differences for parametric and non-parametric data. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. There was a highly significant correlation between CP history and PID (p<0.0001). Patients with CP had 4 times more chance of developing PID than patients with healthy periodontal tissues. Also, CP patients showed higher bleeding on probing (p=0.002) and bone loss around implant (p=0.004) when compared with patients without CP. In conclusion, history of CP is a high risk factor for the development of PID, irrespective of gender or region of implant placement.

Relationship Between Osteoporosis and Marginal Bone Loss in Osseointegrated Implants: A 2‐Year Retrospective Study

“…There is scientific evidence for an association between peri-implantitis and active periodontitis. 25 Casado et al 20 concluded that patients with a previous history of periodontal disease that had been treated and arrested had a four-fold higher risk of developing peri-implant disease. When all sample implants were taken, the present study finds a positive correlation between MBL and a previous history of periodontitis.…”

“…[14][15][16] Dvorak et al 17 and Máximo et al 18 have studied the correlation between peri-implantitis and osteoporosis, and their results are inconclusive. Periimplantitis might also be related to other factors, such as periodontal disease and guided bone regeneration (GBR) at the implant site, [19][20][21] and to other systemic diseases, such as diabetes 8 and cardiovascular disease. 22,23 The aims of this study are as follows: 1) to evaluate the possibility of a correlation between osteoporosis (MCI) and MBL and 2) to assess whether various systemic diseases, periodontitis, and placement of implants in regenerated bone are correlated with either MBL or MCI.…”

Chronic Periodontitis and RANKL/OPG Ratio in Peri-Implant Mucosae Inflammation

“…Recently, chronic periodontitis (CP) was considered a major risk factor for impaired osseointegration process (3,4). Similar to periodontitis, in peri-implantitis, increased microbial activity can disrupt the balance of the host response, stimulating osteoclastic activity with consequent bone resorption and implant loss (5).…”

MMP13, TIMP2 and TGFB3 Gene Polymorphisms in Brazilian Chronic Periodontitis and Periimplantitis Subjects

“…The main causes of PID have been attributed to biomechanical failure resulting from bacterial infection and occlusal overload, in which the main risk factors are poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes mellitus, as well as periodontitis. The implant success rate in patients without a history of periodontitis is 96.5%, whereas in patients with a history of periodontitis it is 90.5% (1,2).…”