History of Doping and Doping Control

Müller, R

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79088-4_1

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…To enforce the prohibition on the illegal use of anabolic steroids, European Union (EU) member states are required to monitor animals for possible abuse [6]. However, the possibility of abuse of hormonal substances in Europe still exists, mainly due to the economic benefits that these substances provide in animal breeding [7]. The analysis of the drug residues in animals intended for human consumption is probably one of the most challenging tasks in the national monitoring plans of EU members, involving a wide number of substances with different chemical structures and concentration levels in a variety of biological matrices [8–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Concentrations of Steroids in Bulls under Anabolic Treatment by Revalor-XS® Implant

Biancotto

Stella

Barrucci

et al. 2016

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the European ban of using anabolics in food-producing animals, growth promoters might still be illegally used in the European Union. To control the food chain and guarantee consumers' health, there is a need of highly sensitive analytical methods for the identification of marker residues of such treatments. In the present study, a group of bulls (n = 16) received trenbolone acetate (200 mg) and estradiol (40 mg) by a commercial ear implant during a time range of 71 days, and a second group (n = 16) was kept for control. The aim of the research was to measure the residual urinary concentrations of the administered drugs (β-trenbolone and β-estradiol), their main metabolites (α-trenbolone and α-estradiol), and possible alterations of the urinary profile of other endogenous hormones metabolically related. The analytical method was based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed average urinary concentrations of α-trenbolone and α-estradiol during treatment in the range of (0.81 ÷ 2.1) ng mL−1 and (0.96 ÷ 4.4) ng mL−1, respectively, whereas β-trenbolone and β-estradiol exhibit urinary concentrations lower than 0.22 ng mL−1 in both cases. Data obtained from the urinary profiles of endogenous steroids indicate that they could be useful to indirectly detect the ongoing treatment.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Concentrations of Steroids in Bulls under Anabolic Treatment by Revalor-XS® Implant

Biancotto

Stella

Barrucci

et al. 2016

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The active targeting exhibited higher specificity compared with the passive targeting, which mainly involved coupling with the ligand or antibody of targeted cells (18). Otherwise, the particles with magnetic properties migrated directly to the targeted tissues and achieved targeting under an external magnetic field (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting of angiopoietin 2-small interfering RNA plasmid/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles in a mouse model of malignant melanoma in vivo

Shan

Liu

et al. 2017

Oncology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present study was to observe the in vivo targeting characteristic of angiopoietin 2-small interfering RNA (Ang2-siRNA) plasmid/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles in an established nude mouse model of malignant melanoma (MM) under an external magnetic field. The nude mouse MM model was first established, then divided into 3 groups, including the control group, the non-targeting group and the target group, the control group was given normal saline and the non-targeting and targeting groups were administrated particles through the tail vein; the non-targeting group was not under external magnetic field and the control group and the targeting group were under external magnetic field for 60 min. The mice were then sacrificed and the tumor tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Prussian blue in order to verify the particle distributions in the tumor tissues. The control group exhibited negative Prussian blue staining in the tumor tissues, the non-targeting group demonstrated weakly positive Prussian blue staining in tumor tissues and the targeting group revealed strongly positive Prussian blue staining in tumor tissues. Ang2-siRNA plasmid vector/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles directly moved towards tumor tissues under the action of external magnetic field, thus it demonstrated good targeting characteristic.

show abstract

“…Various medications were already been used to enhance the performance of athletes since the 3 rd century BC [1]. Nowadays, doping has evolved into a more systematic doping pattern that involves the entire team.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude and practice on doping of Malaysian student athletes

Chiang

Shamsuddin

Mahmood

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The aim of the study is to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of drugs use in sports among Malaysian student athletes.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, self-administered survey of student athletes studying in six universities and two sports schools in Malaysia. Athletes were approached at their schools or universities and were explained about the study. If they agreed to participate, they were asked to provide written informed consent and fill in the survey. Participation in the study was voluntary and no incentives were given.Results: Overall, 182 respondents were recruited for this study. Most of the respondents were male, age between 16 and 18 years old and had participated in international sports competition. The knowledge of the respondents on drugs in sports was found to be moderate with the median score of 11 per 18. The overall mean performance enhancement attitude scale scores, a measure of doping attitudes, for all respondents were 44.63 ± 13.03 indicating they are having a negative attitude toward doping. Meanwhile, 12% of the respondents had been offered doping agents by any parties with 13.7% of them are using it for medical purpose while 4.4% of them had used it for other purposes. Conclusion:Young athletes should be better equipped with knowledge on the dangers of doping and have a firm stance against doping. Thus, specific educational package and special courses should be provided to address the knowledge gap observed among the athletes in this study apart from enhancing their attitude toward the importance of anti-doping.

show abstract

History of Doping and Doping Control

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

Urinary Concentrations of Steroids in Bulls under Anabolic Treatment by Revalor-XS® Implant

Urinary Concentrations of Steroids in Bulls under Anabolic Treatment by Revalor-XS® Implant

Targeting of angiopoietin 2-small interfering RNA plasmid/chitosan magnetic nanoparticles in a mouse model of malignant melanoma in vivo

Knowledge, attitude and practice on doping of Malaysian student athletes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About