History of metal pollution in southern California coastal zone

Bruland, Kenneth W.; Bertine, K.K.; Koide, Minoru; Goldberg, Edward D.

doi:10.1021/es60090a010

Cited by 424 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

113

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, substantially less progress has been made in the characterization of the various forms of transition metals in the solid phases found in studies of suspended particulate matter and sediments (e.g. Gad and LeRiche, 1966;Chester and Hughes, 1967;Bodine and Fernalld, 1973;Bruland ~ al., 1974;Agemian and Chau, 1976;Tessler et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of angular momentum in damped nuclear reactions

Randrup

1982

Nuclear Physics A

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe operation of an OTEC plant will result in the m~x~ng of large volumes of seawater from different depths within the ocean. Associated with this seawater will be suspended particulate material.This solid material is capable of both adsorbing and releasing transition metals. Because suspended particulate material is intimately involved in marine food webs and transition metals such as copper can have toxic effects, it is important to develop a sound methodology for characterizing and quantifying transition metals which will be associated with solid material passing through an OTEC plant.The characterization of soild-phase associated transition metals in the marine environment has largely been directed at marine sediments. Studies of sediment-associated transition metals have generally indicated that it is not possible to uniquely identify the solid phases or chemical speciation of a given metal. There are many reasons for this difficulty, but the probable major analytical problems arise from the fact that many of the transition metals of interest are present only in trace concentrations as adsorbed species on amorphous oxides or as coprecipitates. These difficulties have led to an approach in which transition metals are classified according to how easily they are solubilized when exposed to different types of chemical attack, as defined in chemical extraction schemes.There are at present a large number of different transition metal extraction schemes in use. Only rarely have these different techniques been carefully compared on a variety of solids from the marine environment. Consequently, it is often not possible to make a sound assessment of the results obtained by investigators who have used different extraction methods to characterize solid-phase associated transition metals or to select the most appropriate methodology for making measurements on a given type of solid material.In this study, several of the most widely accepted techniques were compared for many of the most commonly measured transition metals. The use of a variety of marine sediments, rather than trapped suspended particulate matter, was necessitated by both the relatively large amount of material needed for an examination of all the methods and the lack of any OTEC program collected particulate material.In order to determine the true extraction efficiency of the methods studied, all solid concentrations have been normalized to total metal concentration values as obtained by neutron activation analysis and/or x-ray fluorescence measurements.On weak, four intermediate strength and two strong metal extraction methods were studied individually.The weak method had the lowest extraction efficiency, but dissolved all solid carbonate phases. A potential problem with the weak method is that it does not retain extracted metals quantitatively in solution, but allows them to be adsorbed on remaining solids. The simplest of the four methods (0.5 N HCl) caused the release of lower amounts of most metals studied when compared to the other ...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of angular momentum in damped nuclear reactions

Randrup

1982

Nuclear Physics A

152

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 Table 1. Data from atomic absorption analyses of different organs in the crab Mursia are presented in Table 2 and show muscle elemental concentrations similar to those found in the Cancer anthonyi examined by PIXEA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These elements have accumulated to high concentrations in the bottom sediments of these basins (1)(2)(3)(4). Tissue burdens of trace metals in organs of bottom dwelling marine species inhabiting the basins have received only limited attention (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of toxic metals in marine organisms collected from Southern California coastal waters.

Fowler¹,

Fay²,

Walter³

et al. 1975

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emission of toxic trace metals into southern California coastal waters has resulted in the extensive accumulation of the elements within marine sediments. The current study was undertaken to evaluate concentrations of trace metals in bottom-dwelling marine fauna collected from two sampling areas. Analyses carried out on muscle samples of the dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) and the crab (Cancer anthonyi) by proton-induced x-ray emission analysis showed considerable concentrations of arsenic and selenium. Samples of gonads, digestive gland, and muscle from the crab Mursia gaudichaudii analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed elemental concentrations in muscle similar to the crab Cancer anthonyi and much higher metal levels in gonad and digestive gland. These findings suggest the need for further studies concerning the relationship between emission of metals into the marine environment and their abundance in marine fauna.Many tons of trace metals, potentially toxic to marine life, are annually released into the southern California coastal basins as a result of industrialization and urbanization in the Los Angeles area (1). These elements have accumulated to high concentrations in the bottom sediments of these basins (1-4). Tissue burdens of trace metals in organs of bottom dwelling marine species inhabiting the basins have received only limited attention (5). This report details levels of 18 trace elements in muscle samples of the dover

show abstract

“…Forstner and Wittman, 1981 . The elevated metal concentrations measured by this technique in the upper part of numerous sediment cores have demonstrated the effect of anthropogenic discharges in Ž rivers, estuaries, and coastal areas e.g., Bruland et al, 1974;Forstner and Wittman, 1981;Huh et al, . 1992 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A record of estuarine water contamination from the Cd content of foraminiferal tests in San Francisco Bay, California

Geen

Luoma

1999

Marine Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A five-year dissolved Cd time series from San Francisco Bay and adjacent coastal water shows that the composition of surface water towards the mouth of the estuary is determined largely by the effect of coastal upwelling. Cd concentrations Ž . inside and outside the estuary 0.2-1.0 nmolrkg increase as Cd-rich deep water is advected to the surface near the coast Ž . during spring and summer. On average, the mean Cd concentrations inside San Francisco Bay 0.54 nmolrkg during Ž . 1991-1995 was significantly higher than outside 0.35 nmolrkg , however. Surface samples collected throughout San Francisco Bay confirm an internal Cd source unrelated to river discharge. The Cd content of the test of a benthic foraminifer Ž . Elphidiella hannai in a dated sediment core from San Francisco Bay was measured to determine if the water column Cd enrichments in San Francisco Bay could be related to the rapid development of the watershed. The method is based on the observation that the CdrCa ratio of carefully cleaned tests of foraminifera is determined by the dissolved Cd content of overlying water at the time of test formation. Pre-industrial foraminiferal CdrCa ratios in the sediment core average Ž . Ž . 274 " 15 nmolrmol n s 19 nmolrmol. Foraminiferal CdrCa ratios increased to 386 " 33 nmolrmol n s 19 over the past several decades indicating a 40% increase in the mean Cd content of surface water in Central San Francisco Bay. We suggest that, in addition to Cd discharges into the estuary, indirect consequences of agricultural development in the Central Valley of California could have contributed to this increase. This new method to reconstruct estuarine contamination is not affected by some of the processes that complicate the interpretation of changes in bulk sediment metal concentrations. q

show abstract

History of metal pollution in southern California coastal zone

Cited by 424 publications

References 6 publications

Transport of angular momentum in damped nuclear reactions

Transport of angular momentum in damped nuclear reactions

Levels of toxic metals in marine organisms collected from Southern California coastal waters.

A record of estuarine water contamination from the Cd content of foraminiferal tests in San Francisco Bay, California

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About