History of Modern Agronomy Physics: Contribution and Significance of A.F. Ioffe Works

Abstract

The paper highlights that research in the field of agricultural physics in this country began in the 1930s and is closely linked to the renowned physicist Abram Fedorovich Ioffe. Under his leadership, the world’s first Agrophysical Research Institute was established in 1932. A.F. Ioffe directed this institute from 1932 to 1942 and from 1954 to 1959. These periods are particularly noteworthy in terms of the scientist’s contributions to formulating and executing the institute’s objectives. (Research purpose) The paper aims to examine A.F. Ioffe’s role in the development of agrophysical science during his tenure as the director of the Agrophysical Institute from 1954 to 1959. (Materials and methods) The research is grounded in the analysis of archival materials, reports detailing research activities of the Agrophysical Research Institute, publications, and A.F. Ioffe’s engagements from 1932 to 1959. The study explores the role of physics in shaping and refining methods within domestic agricultural production. The paper presents the outcomes of theoretical and applied research conducted under the guidance of A.F. Ioffe, particularly focusing on the development of measuring instruments for integration into control systems within industrial agricultural production. (Results and discussion) It was revealed that during A.F. Ioffe’s leadership periods, the methodology of an «electronic agronomist» was developed, marking a global pioneering achievement. The paper shows the integration of advanced physics achievements into agriculture, and highlights the use of semiconductor devices to monitor the physical and chemical parameters of the soil, as well as external factors affecting crop life. (Conclusions) The paper underscores the pivotal role played by the scientist and organizer A.F. Ioffe during the emergence and development of domestic agronomic physics. It points out the primary directions of agrophysical work and the results achieved directly under the leadership of A.F. Ioffe. The paper also sheds light on their contribution to developing the main research directions in the field of agronomic physics, which continue to be pertinent in modern conditions.