History of neuropsychological study of sport-related concussion

Webbe, Frank M.; Zimmer, Adam

doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.937746

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Indeed, neuropsychological tests have been shown to be sensitive to neurocognitive deficits that occur acutely (e.g., < 24 hours following injury) as well as those that may linger even after an athlete denies experiencing any self-reported symptoms (Fazio, Lovell, Pardini, & Collins, 2007;Iverson, Brooks, Lovell, & Collins, 2006). The use of computerized neurocognitive testing has become more popular over the past decade (Webbe & Zimmer, 2015).This popularity is due to its advantages over traditional paper-and-pencil testing, including brief administration times, standardized administration and scoring, and the ability to more precisely detect subtle performance differences on reaction time and processing speed (Kontos, Sufrinko, Womble, & Kegel, 2016). Among the various computerized neurocognitive tests available, the Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery has emerged as the most widely used and well-researched instrument.…”

Section: Comprehensive Assessment Of Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport-related concussion: Evolving perspectives.

Kontos¹,

Reynolds²,

Gillie³

2019

APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Volume 1: Sport Psychology (Vol. 1).

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A concussion is "a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces" (McCrory et al., 2013, p. 250). Although this is a good theoretical definition, it lacks practical utility and does not reflect the evolving definition of this type of injury. A more contemporary approach would extend the above definition as follows: a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces, which manifests in different symptoms, impairment, clinical profiles, and recovery trajectories that are influenced by risk or modifying factors. Concussions affect millions of athletes each year, with recent estimates suggesting as many as four million sport-related concussions have occurred in the United States alone (Langlois, Rutland-Brown, & Wald, 2006). Although concussions typically resolve within 2 to 3 weeks in adults and 3 to 4 weeks in children, some athletes may experience symptoms and cognitive impairment for months or longer (McCrory et al., 2017). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), which declared concussion a major health issue in the United States, has estimated the economic impact of concussions on medical expenses to be up to $17 billion annually in the United States alone. Recent lawsuits involving the purported short-and long-term effects of concussions among athletes from the National Collegiate Athletic Association, United States Soccer, and the National Football League have further highlighted the economic and societal importance of this injury. Despite the heightened contemporary attention, however, concussions were not always viewed as a serious injury.As recently as the early 2000s, concussions were described using innocuous sounding terminology, such as "bell ringer," "ding," and "knock." If an athlete did not experience a loss of consciousnesswhich is now known to occur in no more than 10% of concussions (Guskiewicz, Weaver, Padua, & Garrett, 2000)-he or she was allowed to continue to play. Even with loss of consciousness, many players returned to competition or practice the same day or soon after. In short, concussions were not perceived as a big deal in sport and were rarely discussed or even acknowledged by many researchers and practitioners in the medical community. Fast-forward to today, and the pendulum has swung in the other direction: Many parents fear that every collision or ball to the head will yield a concussion that may lead to long-term or even permanent effects. In fact, in a recent Harris Poll of more than 2,000 parents of athletes, one in four reported that they thought a concussion would change a person' s life forever, while 72% believed that damage to the brain from a concussion is permanent (Collins, 2015). In extreme examples, young athletes with a concussion are kept out of school for months and some clinicians even prescribe complete rest (i.e., cocoon therapy), resulting in social isolation and an exacerbation of symptoms (Collins et al., 2016).Today, concussions are ubiquitous, with considerable attention from the ...

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Section: Comprehensive Assessment Of Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sport-related concussion: Evolving perspectives.

Kontos¹,

Reynolds²,

Gillie³

2019

APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Volume 1: Sport Psychology (Vol. 1).

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Computerized neuropsychological batteries, in which significant numbers of athletes receive baseline testing as part of precompetition medical examinations, have become the staple of most concussion management programs (Webbe & Zimmer, 2015). As mentioned earlier, the reliability and validity of baseline performance on these instruments depend directly on the strict control of ecological variables.…”

Section: Diagnostic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original rationale for the baseline approach, as Barth and colleagues (Barth, Harvey, Freeman, & Broshek, 2011) later described it, was to eliminate sources of variability that are due to the individual. The importance of eliminating errors in diagnostics remains very important, as it does in research, and, although statistical appraisals of the baselineversus normative-comparison methods may not favor either protocol, individual clinical decision making likely is facilitated when a major source of variance is eliminated (Webbe & Zimmer, 2015). What is not so clear is whether the baseline procedure as employed in many concussion management programs actually uses procedures that allow baseline advantages to shine forth (Moser, Schatz, & Lichtenstein, 2015;Moser, Schatz, Neidzwski, & Ott, 2011).…”

Section: Diagnostic Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological assessment of concussion in pediatric populations.

Webbe¹,

Vagt²

2019

Neuropsychology of Sports-Related Concussion.

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Assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC) in a pediatric context provides challenges that are not found in adult populations. Not surprisingly, age represents a wild card factor for at least three reasons. First, neuropsychological tests often used in older populations for assessing concussion in the sports context may not be appropriate for younger children, and the availability of comparable tests developed and normed for young children may be limited. Second, chronological age may not (and frequently does not) correspond to mental and emotional age. Two 9-year-olds may differ radically in their cognitive development, so norms listed for 9-year-olds may predict erroneously the level of actual performance in a given child. Third, developmental age invariably interacts with brain trauma but in unpredictable ways. Brain injuries that might lead to permanent functional loss in adults may have negligible long-term effects in children, but the reverse may also be true: Damage that occurs in childhood before specific nervous system growth has occurred may forever impair an individual.

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“…Neuropsychological baseline testing (NBT) is a widely promoted tool in concussion management, used in elite and youth sports, in US high school systems (20), and sport associations in Ontario, Canada. Although not mandatory, NBT provides a pre-season cognitive baseline for athletes, aiding in post-concussion management (4,5,21). This individualized cognitive profile allows clinicians to assess post-injury cognitive impairment, informing a tailored management plan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating uncertainty: exploring parents' knowledge of concussion management and neuropsychological baseline testing

Hagopian,

Jorgensen,

Lehmann

et al. 2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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IntroductionParents play an important role in preventing and managing sport-related concussions among youth sport participants. Research indicates that parents understand the severity and consequences associated with the injury but gaps exist in their knowledge of its management. Neuropsychological baseline testing (NBT) is a modality that has gained interest in youth sport to purportedly better manage concussion injuries. Little is known about parents' perspectives on the use of NBT in the management process.MethodsThe present qualitative study used Protection Motivation Theory as a guiding framework and employed focus groups (N = 2) with parents (N = 11) to gain insight into parents' perceptions and experiences with concussion management, specifically focusing on NBT.ResultsInductive Content Analysis developed a core theme of navigating uncertainty. Participants expressed uncertainty about the nature of concussion and its management process, where concussion was not always easy to identify, youth were not always reliable reporters, and there was no prescribed or proscribed path for recovery. Personal experience and concussion management policy provided participants with a degree of certainty in managing concussions. Participants gave NBT mixed reviews in potentially promoting greater certainty but also held reservations about its usefulness in concussion management.DiscussionWe discuss findings relative to existing knowledge and theory in youth sport concussion and identify implications for practice.

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History of neuropsychological study of sport-related concussion

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Sport-related concussion: Evolving perspectives.

Sport-related concussion: Evolving perspectives.

Neuropsychological assessment of concussion in pediatric populations.

Navigating uncertainty: exploring parents' knowledge of concussion management and neuropsychological baseline testing

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